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Research Article | Open Access | Just Accepted

Generative deep learning for hydrodynamic lubrication prediction by a deconvolutional neural network

Yang Zhao1( )Ziniu Huang2Shuo Guo2Zhongxue Fu2Yanyan Lin3

1 Department of Construction, Environment and Engineering, Technological and Higher Education Institute of Hong Kong, 133 Shing Tai Road, Chai Wan, Hong Kong, China

2 College of Mechatronic and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, 3688 Nanhai Avenue, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

3 School of Automotive and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, 7098 Liuxian Avenue, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China

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Abstract

Classical hydrodynamic lubrication simulation solves Reynolds equation to unveil the lubrication pressure and film thickness distributions, yet it overlooks the latent high-level representations buried beneath the lubrication data. While deep learning has illustrated that the mining of high-level representations helps to generate desired outputs from input prompts, the lubrication research, however, has not fully exploited generative deep learning in lubrication prediction and generation. Here, we propose to adopt a deconvolutional neural network to learn the latent representations in hydrodynamic lubrication data and directly generate 2D lubrication scenario from the given working condition without solving any governing equation. Compared to classical method, our approach can output the distribution of lubrication pressure and film thickness in less than 0.1 s on a personal computer and be extended to more complicated scenarios including cavitation.

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Cite this article:
Zhao Y, Huang Z, Guo S, et al. Generative deep learning for hydrodynamic lubrication prediction by a deconvolutional neural network. Friction, 2026, https://doi.org/10.26599/FRICT.2026.9441239

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Received: 15 September 2025
Revised: 20 January 2026
Accepted: 24 February 2026
Available online: 25 February 2026

© The Author(s) 2026.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).