Highlights
(1) The new alkaloids discovered in Aspergillus from 2019 to now and their biological activities are reviewed. It provides a solid foundation for further study on the biological activity and function of these alkaloids.
(2) Of the 245 compounds, 170 were found to have different biological activities, including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and enzyme-inhibiting effects.
(3) This review collates the journals in which these alkaloid structures were published and the nationalities of their discoverers.
Abstract
The genus Aspergillus is a ubiquitous and significant fungus with an increasingly pervasive role in both daily life and the food industry. This article presents a comprehensive overview of the 245 novel alkaloids identified within the Aspergillus genus since 2019. It offers a detailed introduction to the diverse biological activities and functional characteristics exhibited by these compounds, including antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activity, as well as enzyme inhibition. Additionally, the article provides a detailed analysis of the structural features, publications, and countries of discovery for these alkaloids. It offers strategic guidance for the development of secondary metabolites derived from Aspergillus alkaloids, stimulating innovation in this field.
Graphical Abstract
As illustrated in the graphical abstract, this review summarizes recent advances in novel alkaloids derived from Aspergillus species. Among the reported bioactivities, antibacterial activity accounts for the largest proportion (40.8%), followed by cytotoxic (20.7%), anti-inflammatory (8.3%), enzyme inhibitory (6.5%), and antiviral (4.1%) effects. Structurally, indole alkaloids (34.7%) and piperazine alkaloids (26.5%) are the predominant types, along with noteworthy contributions from pyrrolidine (18.4%) and cyclopeptide (12.2%) alkaloids. The most prolific journals in this field include Mar. Drugs, J. Nat. Prod., Molecules, and Fitoterapia. Geographically, China leads with an overwhelming share of 89.5%, followed by several other countries. Potential applications span drug development, skincare, food science, synthetic biology, and collaborative research across disciplines such as microbiology, chemistry, pharmacology, and bioinformatics.
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