Optimization design and test of vibration components in a Chinese wolfberry harvester

Linear reciprocating vibration components in Chinese wolfberry harvesters are susceptible to fractures and exhibit high power consumption relative to operational loads. To enhance the operational performance of the vibration apparatus, comprehensive optimization research was conducted on the vibration components. First, a cantilever beam force and stress analysis model was developed based on the structural composition characteristics of vibration components. Simulations under both no-load and load conditions were performed using Abaqus software. Comparing theoretical and simulation results identified stress concentration points, confirming the model’s accuracy and indicating that steel is the ideal material for the slider. Next, topology optimization of the steel slider using Abaqus resulted in a 38.61% weight reduction while maintaining the required strength. Finally, Matlab calculations revealed that the maximum torque of the vibration component before and after optimization under no-load conditions was 0.52 N·m and 0.42 N·m, respectively, leading to a 19.23% reduction in power consumption. Torque detection tests conducted using a custom-built torque measurement platform indicated that under no-load conditions, the maximum torque before and after optimization was 0.57 N·m and 0.43 N·m, corresponding to a 24.56% reduction in power consumption. Under a 180 g maximum load, the maximum torque was 0.83 N·m and 0.69 N·m, resulting in a 16.87% reduction in power consumption. The driving torque decreased as the operating position increased and increased with higher branch mass. By fitting the relationship between the correction factor $k_2$ and the load $m_4$, a torque correction model under load conditions was obtained. Furthermore, an energy consumption correction model was established, providing a scientific basis for motor selection and operational energy efficiency optimization, and serving as a valuable reference for the development of vibration harvesting components.