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Review | Open Access

Organoid research: new concepts and new technologies

Jin Zhang1,2,3,4,5,‡, Yuezhou Wu6,‡, Tianzhuo Shen1,2,3,4,5,‡, Yingrui Mao6,‡, Hongjing Dou7, Yi Lin8( ), Zhen Geng1,2,3,4( ), Zhanghua Li9( ), Jiacan Su1,2,3,4,6 ( )
Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai 200444, China
MedEng-X Institutes, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai 200444, China
National Center for Translational Medicine (Shanghai) SHU Branch, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai 200444, China
Organoid Research Center, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai 200444, China
College of Medicine, Shanghai University, No. 99 Shangda Road, Baoshan District, Shanghai 200444, China
Department of Orthopedics, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1665 Kongjiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200092, China
The State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No. 800 Dongchuan Road, Minhang District, Shanghai 200240, China
Reproductive Medicine Center, Shanghai Sixth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600 Yishan Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200233, China
The Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Wuhan Third Hospital, Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 241 Pengliuyang Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan 430000, China

‡These authors contributed equally to this work.

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Highlights

• This article focuses on the latest progress in organoid research, with a particular emphasis on its applications in disease modelling, drug screening, and regenerative medicine, as well as the integration of precision medicine and organoid technology.

• Combining organoids with microfluidics, gene editing, and imaging technologies enhances the role of organoids in drug development and precision therapy.

• Organoid biobanks provide patient samples over the long term, facilitating the translation of basic research into clinical applications.

Abstract

As three-dimensional biomimetic systems developed from stem cells or somatic cells, organoids have gradually evolved into important links between basic research and clinical application. Compared with traditional two-dimensional culture and animal models, organoids can better reflect the structure and function of tissues and organs in terms of physiological relevance and prediction efficiency. This review explores the integration of organoid technology with microfluidic technology, gene editing, and artificial intelligence, focusing on the prospects of these technologies for application in precision medicine, disease modelling, drug screening, and toxicology. In addition, the latest progress in organoid research, including organ-on-a-chip, organoid biobank construction, and related applications of regenerative medicine, is summarized. The development of key technologies is reviewed in detail. These technologies include improvements in culture systems, innovations in microfluidic and matrix materials, gene editing and modification, and imaging and multiomic analyses. These achievements improve the application value of organoids in disease modelling, drug screening, and toxicology. Despite challenges such as standardization, batch-to-batch consistency, and clinical translation, the integration of interdisciplinary technologies has provided a new impetus for the development of organoids. In the future, the combination of organoids with artificial intelligence, personalized medicine, and regenerative medicine is expected to drive research progress on disease mechanisms and precision treatment.

Keywords

OrganoidOrgan-on-a-ChipOrganoid imagingPrecision medicineRegenerative medicine

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Burns & Trauma
Volume 14 Issue 2,
March 2026
DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkag015

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Cite this article:
Zhang J, Wu Y, Shen T, et al. Organoid research: new concepts and new technologies. Burns & Trauma, 2026, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.1093/burnst/tkag015

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Received: 04 November 2025
Revised: 13 February 2026
Accepted: 13 February 2026
Published: 16 February 2026
© The Author(s) 2026. Published by Oxford University Press.

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