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Journal of Neurorestoratology 2022, 10(3): 100008 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnrt.2022.100008
Review | Open Access | Issue | Published: 27 June 2022

The 2021 yearbook of Neurorestoratology

Show Author's Information Hari Shanker Sharmaa,§,  Michael Choppb,c,§,  Lin Chend,§,  Anna Sarnowskae,§,  Mengzhou Xuef,  Qiang Aog,  Dario Siniscalcoh,  Lukui Cheni,  Ziad Hawamdehj,  Hongyun Huangk( )
Intensive Experimental CNS Injury and Repair, University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
Department of Neurosurgery, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
Translational Platform for Regenerative Medicine, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450014, Henan, China
NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Control of Tissue Regenerative Biomaterial & Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Device & National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
Department of Experimental Medicine University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16 80138 Naples, Italy
Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong, China
School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Beijing Hongtianji Neuroscience Academy, Beijing 100143, China

§ These authors contributed equally to this work.

Keywords:
Neurorestoratology, Yearbook, Pathogenesis, Neurorestorative mechanism, Therapeutic achievement, Randomized controlled trial
Cite this article:
Sharma HS, Chopp M, Chen L, et al. The 2021 yearbook of Neurorestoratology. Journal of Neurorestoratology, 2022, 10(3): 100008. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnrt.2022.100008
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Abstract Full text About this article

Breakthroughs with rapid changes are the themes of the development in Neurorestoratology this year. Given the very difficult circumstances of the persistent COVID-19 pandemic, most of the colleagues in Neurorestoratology have conducted meaningful research and obtained encouraging results, as described in the 2020 Yearbook of Neurorestoratology. Neurorestorative progress during 2021 depicts recent findings on the pathogenesis of neurological diseases, neurorestorative mechanisms and clinical therapeutic achievements. The pathogenesis and risk factors of Alzheimer's disease were parts of the most prominent hot research topics. Yet, it remains controversial whether β-amyloid accumulation and tau protein deposition are the results of, or the reasons for the neurodegenerative processes. Neurogenesis is an important neurorestorative mechanism, however, it is questionable whether neural stem cells are present in the adult humans brain. Thus, neurogenesis may not derive from endogenous neural stem cells in the adult humans. Neurorestorative treatments were important areas of the 2021 research efforts and these therapies are improving the quality of life in patients with neurological diseases. There was major exploration of cell-based therapies for neurological disease and injury. However, unfortunately several multi-center, double-blind or observing-blind, placebo controlled, randomized clinical trials of mesenchymal stromal cells or products of mesenchymal stem cells failed to show positive results in ischemic stroke when employed in the sub-acute or recovery phases as there were no appreciable differences in the quality of life as compared with controls. Excitingly, increased numbers of clinical investigations of brain–computer interface (BCI) were reported that showed benefits for patients with neurological deficits. In pharmaceutical neurorestorative therapies, Aducanumab (Aduhelm) and Sodium Oligomannate are approved respectively by the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) and the China National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) to treat patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease. Although, the decisions to approve these drugs are highly contentious in the medical and scientific community because of the contradictory findings or other problems associated with the drug usage. We believe that repeating low-level evidence studies that showed negative results or scanty evidences in randomized control trials is of little significance. However, we strongly recommend conducting multi-center, double-blind, placebo controlled, randomized clinical trials for promising innovative therapeutic methods to facilitate their possible clinical translation.


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About this article

The 2021 yearbook of Neurorestoratology

Show Author's information Hari Shanker Sharmaa,§, Michael Choppb,c,§, Lin Chend,§, Anna Sarnowskae,§, Mengzhou Xuef, Qiang Aog, Dario Siniscalcoh, Lukui Cheni, Ziad Hawamdehj, Hongyun Huangk( )
Intensive Experimental CNS Injury and Repair, University Hospital, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
Department of Neurology, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI, USA
Department of Physics, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA
Department of Neurosurgery, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100700, China
Translational Platform for Regenerative Medicine, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
Department of Cerebrovascular Diseases, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450014, Henan, China
NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Research and Control of Tissue Regenerative Biomaterial & Institute of Regulatory Science for Medical Device & National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, Sichuan, China
Department of Experimental Medicine University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" Via S. Maria di Costantinopoli 16 80138 Naples, Italy
Department of Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Integrated Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, Guangdong, China
School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Beijing Hongtianji Neuroscience Academy, Beijing 100143, China

§ These authors contributed equally to this work.

Abstract

Breakthroughs with rapid changes are the themes of the development in Neurorestoratology this year. Given the very difficult circumstances of the persistent COVID-19 pandemic, most of the colleagues in Neurorestoratology have conducted meaningful research and obtained encouraging results, as described in the 2020 Yearbook of Neurorestoratology. Neurorestorative progress during 2021 depicts recent findings on the pathogenesis of neurological diseases, neurorestorative mechanisms and clinical therapeutic achievements. The pathogenesis and risk factors of Alzheimer's disease were parts of the most prominent hot research topics. Yet, it remains controversial whether β-amyloid accumulation and tau protein deposition are the results of, or the reasons for the neurodegenerative processes. Neurogenesis is an important neurorestorative mechanism, however, it is questionable whether neural stem cells are present in the adult humans brain. Thus, neurogenesis may not derive from endogenous neural stem cells in the adult humans. Neurorestorative treatments were important areas of the 2021 research efforts and these therapies are improving the quality of life in patients with neurological diseases. There was major exploration of cell-based therapies for neurological disease and injury. However, unfortunately several multi-center, double-blind or observing-blind, placebo controlled, randomized clinical trials of mesenchymal stromal cells or products of mesenchymal stem cells failed to show positive results in ischemic stroke when employed in the sub-acute or recovery phases as there were no appreciable differences in the quality of life as compared with controls. Excitingly, increased numbers of clinical investigations of brain–computer interface (BCI) were reported that showed benefits for patients with neurological deficits. In pharmaceutical neurorestorative therapies, Aducanumab (Aduhelm) and Sodium Oligomannate are approved respectively by the United States Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) and the China National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) to treat patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's disease. Although, the decisions to approve these drugs are highly contentious in the medical and scientific community because of the contradictory findings or other problems associated with the drug usage. We believe that repeating low-level evidence studies that showed negative results or scanty evidences in randomized control trials is of little significance. However, we strongly recommend conducting multi-center, double-blind, placebo controlled, randomized clinical trials for promising innovative therapeutic methods to facilitate their possible clinical translation.

Keywords: Neurorestoratology, Yearbook, Pathogenesis, Neurorestorative mechanism, Therapeutic achievement, Randomized controlled trial

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Publication history
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Received: 09 April 2022
Revised: 10 June 2022
Accepted: 16 June 2022
Published: 27 June 2022
Issue date: September 2022

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© 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of Tsinghua University Press.

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This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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