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Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the most aggressive and lethal diseases with poor prognosis, worldwide. However, the mechanisms underlying HCC have not been comprehensively elucidated. With the recent application of high-throughput sequencing techniques, a diverse catalogue of differentially expressed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNA) in cancer have been shown to participate in HCC. Rather than being "transcriptional noise, " they are emerging as important regulators of many biological processes, including chromatin remodelling, transcription, alternative splicing, translational and post-translational modification. Moreover, lncRNAs have dual effects in the development and progression of HCC, including oncogenic and tumour-suppressive roles. Collectively, recently data point to lncRNAs as novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers with satisfactory sensitivity and specificity, as well as being therapeutic targets for HCC patients. In this review, we highlight recent progress of the molecular patterns of lncRNAs and discuss their potential clinical application in human HCC.
This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Project (No. 2017YFC0110802), Zhejiang province Key Research and Development Project (No. 2020C01059), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81872297, and 81874059), Zhejiang Engineering Research Center of Cognitive Healthcare (No. 2017E10011) and the National Key Scientific Instrument and Equipment Development Project (No. 81827804).
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).