High temporal resolution local measurement probe technology in gas-liquid two-phase flow

Gas-liquid two-phase flows are ubiquitous in various disciplines, such as thermal engineering, nuclear engineering, and the chemical industry. Probe technologies are widely adopted due to their outstanding features of high temporal resolution and local parameter measurement capabilities to gain a deeper understanding and conduct research on the characteristics of gas-liquid interfaces and interfacial transport. This paper aims to summarize the characteristics and advancements of high temporal resolution local measurement probe technology in the field of two-phase flow, with a particular focus on advanced techniques such as conductivity probes, fiber probes, thermal film probes, and electromagnetic probes. It comprehensively discussed the principles, measurement parameters, development history, and application status of these technologies. Among them, conductivity and fiber probes were highlighted for their excellent durability and broad applicability. Conductivity/fiber probes were especially common in studies related to the measurement of interfacial area concentration, but they were also limited to the measurement of the gas phase. Hot-film probes had the advantage of measuring some of the parameters of gas-liquid and two-phase flows simultaneously, but they were susceptible to the flow conditions. Electromagnetic probes could measure some parameters of gas-metal two-phase flows in an extensive temperature range but had a significant error due to the weak signal caused by electromagnetic induction, which had not been solved effectively. These probe technologies enable researchers to capture the microscopic changes and transient phenomena at the interface of two-phase flows, providing an effective means for a deeper understanding of fluid interphase transport behavior. This paper offered valuable guidance and insights for measurement techniques in two-phase flow research.