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Research Article

Spatial distributions of airborne transmission risk on commuter buses: Numerical case study using computational fluid and particle dynamics with computer-simulated persons

Sung-Jun Yoo1( ), Akira Kurokawa2, Kazuhiko Matsunaga3, Kazuhide Ito1
Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Science, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
Kanagawa Prefectural Junior College for Industrial Technology, 2-4-1 Nakao, Asahi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa 241-0815, Japan
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Abstract

Commuter buses have a high passenger density relative to the interior cabin volume, and it is difficult to maintain a physical/social distance in terms of airborne transmission control. Therefore, it is important to quantitatively investigate the impact of ventilation and air-conditioning in the cabin on the airborne transmission risk for passengers. In this study, comprehensive coupled numerical simulations using computational fluid and particle dynamics (CFPD) and computer-simulated persons (CSPs) were performed to investigate the heterogeneous spatial distribution of the airborne transmission risk in a commuter bus environment under two types of layouts of the ventilation system and two types of passenger densities. Through a series of particle transmission analysis and infection risk assessment in this study, it was revealed that the layout of the supply inlet/exhaust outlet openings of a heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) system has a significant impact on the particle dispersion characteristics inside the bus cabin, and higher infection risks were observed near the single exhaust outlet in the case of higher passenger density. The integrated analysis of CFPD and CSPs in a commuter bus cabin revealed that the airborne transmission risk formed significant heterogeneous spatial distributions, and the changes in air-conditioning conditions had a certain impact on the risk.

Keywords

computer-simulated person (CSP)airborne transmissioncomputational fluid and particle dynamics (CFPD)droplet and droplet nuclei dispersion ventilation

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Experimental and Computational Multiphase Flow
Volume 5 Issue 3,
September 2023
Pages 304-318
DOI: 10.1007/s42757-022-0146-6
Cite this article:
Yoo S-J, Kurokawa A, Matsunaga K, et al. Spatial distributions of airborne transmission risk on commuter buses: Numerical case study using computational fluid and particle dynamics with computer-simulated persons. Experimental and Computational Multiphase Flow, 2023, 5(3): 304-318. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42757-022-0146-6

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Received: 08 April 2022
Revised: 27 June 2022
Accepted: 07 September 2022
Published: 10 February 2023
© Tsinghua University Press 2023
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