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Experimental and Computational Multiphase Flow 2023, 5(1): 29-52 https://doi.org/10.1007/s42757-021-0125-3
Research Article | Open Access | Issue | Published: 19 January 2022

Towards the efficient modelling of trapped air pockets during squeeze flow

Show Author's Information Michael Müller1( ),  Steffen Willenbrock1,  Lukas Stahl1,  Till Vallée2,  Holger Fricke2
Institute of Dynamics and Vibrations, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstr. 20, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
Fraunhofer-Institut für Fertigungstechnik und Angewandte Materialforschung IFAM, Klebtechnik und Oberflächen, Bremen, Germany
Keywords:
modelling, experiments, CFD simulations, multiphase flow, adhesive bonding, squeeze flow, Hele–Shaw cell
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Müller M, Willenbrock S, Stahl L, et al. Towards the efficient modelling of trapped air pockets during squeeze flow. Experimental and Computational Multiphase Flow, 2023, 5(1): 29-52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42757-021-0125-3
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Abstract Full text About this article

In most bonding processes, an adhesive is applied to a substrate in a specific pattern before the second substrate is subsequently pressed against it. During this, the adhesive flows in such a way that, ideally, it completely fills the joint. In practice, however, areas with entrapped air frequently remain in the bonded adhesive layer. Within the scope of a research project, these flows are systematically analyzed in order to identify optimal initial application patterns for the adhesive and substrate geometry to minimise such risks. For this purpose, the authors use an efficient flow model, the partially filled gaps model (PFGM), extended in this study to include the functionality of trapped air pockets. Depending on the volume fractions of air and adhesive, the flow of both phases is computed. Therefore, the model is introduced and fully described, benchmarked with respect to its plausibility and functionality, and results obtained are compared with a CFD calculation. Thereafter, the functionality of openings and closings of the pockets are analyzed. Lastly, the model is then applied to a real scenario created with a Hele–Shaw cell measurement. The benchmark as well as the comparison with the measurement results show the high potential of this technique.


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About this article

Towards the efficient modelling of trapped air pockets during squeeze flow

Show Author's information Michael Müller1( ), Steffen Willenbrock1, Lukas Stahl1, Till Vallée2, Holger Fricke2
Institute of Dynamics and Vibrations, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstr. 20, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
Fraunhofer-Institut für Fertigungstechnik und Angewandte Materialforschung IFAM, Klebtechnik und Oberflächen, Bremen, Germany

Abstract

In most bonding processes, an adhesive is applied to a substrate in a specific pattern before the second substrate is subsequently pressed against it. During this, the adhesive flows in such a way that, ideally, it completely fills the joint. In practice, however, areas with entrapped air frequently remain in the bonded adhesive layer. Within the scope of a research project, these flows are systematically analyzed in order to identify optimal initial application patterns for the adhesive and substrate geometry to minimise such risks. For this purpose, the authors use an efficient flow model, the partially filled gaps model (PFGM), extended in this study to include the functionality of trapped air pockets. Depending on the volume fractions of air and adhesive, the flow of both phases is computed. Therefore, the model is introduced and fully described, benchmarked with respect to its plausibility and functionality, and results obtained are compared with a CFD calculation. Thereafter, the functionality of openings and closings of the pockets are analyzed. Lastly, the model is then applied to a real scenario created with a Hele–Shaw cell measurement. The benchmark as well as the comparison with the measurement results show the high potential of this technique.

Keywords: modelling, experiments, CFD simulations, multiphase flow, adhesive bonding, squeeze flow, Hele–Shaw cell

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Publication history
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Publication history

Received: 08 June 2021
Revised: 21 September 2021
Accepted: 07 October 2021
Published: 19 January 2022
Issue date: March 2023

Copyright

© The Author(s) 2021

Acknowledgements

The authors thank Yan Tong for performing the CFD calculations in Sections 3.2 and 3.4. The authors thank the German Research Foundation (DFG) for funding this project "Efficient Models for Simulating the Flow of Highly Viscous Adhesives and Sealants in Manufacturing Processes" under the project ID: 445254897. We acknowledge support by the German Research Foundation and the Open Access Publication Funds of the Technische Universität Braunschweig.

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