Journal Home > Volume 4 , Issue 2
Experimental and Computational Multiphase Flow 2022, 4(2): 91-112 https://doi.org/10.1007/s42757-020-0100-4
Review Article | Issue | Published: 08 January 2021

Review on direct contact condensation of vapor bubbles in a subcooled liquid

Show Author's Information Jiguo Tang,  Licheng Sun( ),  Hongli Liu,  Hongtao Liu( ),  Zhengyu Mo
State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
Keywords:
bubble condensation, direct contact condensation, subcooled boiling, bubble dynamics, interfacial heat transfer
Cite this article:
Tang J, Sun L, Liu H, et al. Review on direct contact condensation of vapor bubbles in a subcooled liquid. Experimental and Computational Multiphase Flow, 2022, 4(2): 91-112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42757-020-0100-4
Download citation
EndNote(RIS)
BibTeX

884

Views

68

Downloads

Citations

22

Crossref

20

WoS

20

Scopus

N/A

CSCD

Abstract Full text About this article

Condensation of vapor bubbles in a subcooled liquid is known to influence heat transfer and pressure oscillation in subcooled boiling and direct contact condensation. This study reviews the published literature concerning interfacial heat transfer and bubble dynamics in the process of bubble condensation. The correlations for bubble condensation are analyzed and evaluated with a database covering a wide range of Reynolds, Jacob, and Prandtl numbers. Then, the investigations addressing bubble dynamics are reviewed, which focus on the bubble condensation patterns, motion, collapse, and the pressure oscillations induced by bubble condensation, as well as the effect of noncondensable gas and field. Despite the extensive experiments of bubble condensation available in the literature, it is shown that there is still a shortage of investigation focused on the variation of thermal boundary layer and turbulence formed near the bubble at the micro-scale, which could help to develop the prediction method of bubble condensation in the future. The transportation of noncondensable gas inside the mixture bubble and effect of capillary waves formed on the bubble surface on the actual vapor-liquid contact area and thermal boundary are also suggested to be further investigated to gain the thorough understanding of the bubble condensation process.


menu
Abstract
Full text
Outline
About this article

Review on direct contact condensation of vapor bubbles in a subcooled liquid

Show Author's information Jiguo Tang, Licheng Sun( ), Hongli Liu, Hongtao Liu( ), Zhengyu Mo
State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering, College of Water Resource & Hydropower, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China

Abstract

Condensation of vapor bubbles in a subcooled liquid is known to influence heat transfer and pressure oscillation in subcooled boiling and direct contact condensation. This study reviews the published literature concerning interfacial heat transfer and bubble dynamics in the process of bubble condensation. The correlations for bubble condensation are analyzed and evaluated with a database covering a wide range of Reynolds, Jacob, and Prandtl numbers. Then, the investigations addressing bubble dynamics are reviewed, which focus on the bubble condensation patterns, motion, collapse, and the pressure oscillations induced by bubble condensation, as well as the effect of noncondensable gas and field. Despite the extensive experiments of bubble condensation available in the literature, it is shown that there is still a shortage of investigation focused on the variation of thermal boundary layer and turbulence formed near the bubble at the micro-scale, which could help to develop the prediction method of bubble condensation in the future. The transportation of noncondensable gas inside the mixture bubble and effect of capillary waves formed on the bubble surface on the actual vapor-liquid contact area and thermal boundary are also suggested to be further investigated to gain the thorough understanding of the bubble condensation process.

Keywords: bubble condensation, direct contact condensation, subcooled boiling, bubble dynamics, interfacial heat transfer

References(100)

Akiyama, M. 1973. Bubble collapse in subcooled boiling. Bull JSME, 16:570-575.
DOI Google Scholar
Al Issa, S., Macián-Juan, R. 2017. CFD validation of new Nu-Re correlations for the condensation of large steam bubbles directly injected into a flow in a vertical pipe and effects of bubbles forces upon momentum transfer. Int J Multiphase Flow, 94:173-188.
DOI Google Scholar
Al Issa, S., Weisensee, P., Macián-Juan, R. 2014. Experimental investigation of steam bubble condensation in vertical large diameter geometry under atmospheric pressure and different flow conditions. Int J Heat Mass Tran, 70:918-929.
DOI Google Scholar
Beard, K. V., Pruppacher, H. R. 1969. A determination of the terminal velocity and drag of small water drops by means of a wind tunnel. J Atmos Sci, 26:1066-1072.
DOI
Boziuk, T. R., Smith, M. K., Glezer, A. 2019a. Acoustic enhancement of direct-contact condensation using capillary waves. Int J Heat Mass Tran, 138:357-372.
DOI Google Scholar
Boziuk, T. R., Smith, M. K., Glezer, A. 2019b. Enhanced two-phase heat transfer by direct-contact condensation using directional acoustic actuation. In: Proceedings of the 25th International Workshop on Thermal Investigations of ICs and Systems, 1-6.
DOI
Brucker, G. G., Sparrow, E. M. 1977. Direct contact condensation of steam bubbles in water at high pressure. Int J Heat Mass Tran, 20:371-381.
DOI Google Scholar
Butler, C., Cid, E., Billet, A. M. 2016. Modelling of mass transfer in Taylor flow: Investigation with the PLIF-I technique. Chem Eng Res Des, 115:292-302.
DOI Google Scholar
Cao, Y., Kawara, Z., Yokomine, T., Kunugi, T. 2016a. Experimental and numerical study on nucleate bubble deformation in subcooled flow boiling. Int J Multiphase Flow, 82:93-105.
DOI Google Scholar
Cao, Y., Kawara, Z., Yokomine, T., Kunugi, T. 2016b. Visualization study on bubble dynamical behavior in subcooled flow boiling under various subcooling degree and flowrates. Int J Heat Mass Tran, 93:839-852.
DOI Google Scholar
Chen, Y. M., Mayinger, F. 1992. Measurement of heat transfer at phase interface of condensing bubble. Int J Multiphase Flow, 18:877-890.
DOI Google Scholar
Cho, S., Chun, S. Y., Baek, W. P., Kim, Y. 2004. Effect of multiple holes on the performance of sparger during direct contact condensation of steam. Exp Therm Fluid Sci, 28:629-638.
DOI Google Scholar
Dahikar, S. K., Sathe, M. J., Joshi, J. B. 2010. Investigation of flow and temperature patterns in direct contact condensation using PIV, PLIF and CFD. Chem Eng Sci, 65:4606-4620.
DOI Google Scholar
Datta, P., Chakravarty, A., Ghosh, K., Mukhopadhyay, A., Sen, S. 2017. Modeling aspects of vapor bubble condensation in subcooled liquid using the VOF approach. Numer Heat Tr A: Appl, 72:236-254.
DOI Google Scholar
Douglas, Z. W., Boziuk, T. R., Smith, M. K., Glezer, A. 2012. Acoustically enhanced boiling heat transfer. Phys Fluids, 24:052105.
DOI Google Scholar
Faraday, M. 1831. On the forms and states assumed by fluids in contact with vibrating elastic surfaces. Philos Trans R Soc Lond, 121:299-340.
DOI Google Scholar
Florschuetz, L. W., Chao, B. T. 1965. On the mechanics of vapor bubble collapse. J Heat Transf, 87:209-220.
DOI Google Scholar
Francois, J., Dietrich, N., Guiraud, P., Cockx, A. 2011. Direct measurement of mass transfer around a single bubble by micro-PLIFI. Chem Eng Sci, 66:3328-3338.
DOI Google Scholar
Fukuda, S. 1982. Pressure variations due to vapor condensation in liquid, (II) phenomena at large vapor mass flow flux. Journal of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan, 24:466-474.
DOI Google Scholar
Gallego-Marcos, I., Kudinov, P., Villanueva, W., Puustinen, M., Räsänen, A., Tielinen, K., Kotro, E. 2019. Effective momentum induced by steam condensation in the oscillatory bubble regime. Nucl Eng Des, 350:259-274.
DOI Google Scholar
Hao, Y., Prosperetti, A. 2000. The collapse of vapor bubbles in a spatially non-uniform flow. Int J Heat Mass Tran, 43:3539-3550.
DOI Google Scholar
Hattori, Y., Ueno, I. 2009. Microbubble formation in abrupt condensation of vapor bubble exposed to subcooled pool. In: Proceedings of the ASME 2009 2nd Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer International Conference, Paper No. MNHMT2009-18371, 691-695.
DOI
Higeta, K., Mori, Y. H., Komotori, K. 1979. Condensation of a single vapor bubble rising in another immiscible liquid. AIChE Symp Ser, 75:256-265.
Google Scholar
Hoffmann, A., Schleicher, E., Keller, L., Alonso, J. L., Pitz-Paal, R. 2018. Application of a single wire-mesh sensor in a parabolic trough facility with direct steam generation. Sol Energy, 159:1016-1030.
DOI Google Scholar
Hong, S. J., Park, G. C., Cho, S., Song, C. H. 2012. Condensation dynamics of submerged steam jet in subcooled water. Int J Multiphase Flow, 39:66-77.
DOI Google Scholar
Hu, Y., Wang, H., Song, M., Huang, J. 2019. Marangoni effect on microbubbles emission boiling generation during pool boiling of self-rewetting fluid. Int J Heat Mass Tran, 134:10-16.
DOI Google Scholar
Hughmark, G. A. 1967. Mass and heat transfer from rigid spheres. AIChE J, 13:1219-1221.
DOI Google Scholar
Inaba, N., Watanabe, N., Aritomi, M. 2013. Interfacial heat transfer of condensation bubble with consideration of bubble number distribution in subcooled flow boiling. J Therm Sci Tech, 8:74-90.
DOI Google Scholar
Inada, S., Miyasaka, Y., Sakumoto, S., Izumi, R. 1981. A study on boiling curves in subcooled pool boiling (2nd report, an effect of contamination of surface on boiling heat transfer and collapse vapor slug). Trans JSME, 47:2021-2029.
DOI Google Scholar
Isenberg, J., Sideman, S. 1970. Direct contact heat transfer with change of phase: Bubble condensation in immiscible liquid. Int J Heat Mass Tran, 13:997-1011.
DOI Google Scholar
Jain, D. S., Rao, S. S., Srivastava, A. 2016. Rainbow schlieren deflectometry technique for nanofluid-based heat transfer measurements under natural convection regime. Int J Heat Mass Tran, 98:697-711.
DOI Google Scholar
Jeon, S. S., Kim, S. J., Park, G. C. 2011. Numerical study of condensing bubble in subcooled boiling flow using volume of fluid model. Chem Eng Sci, 66:5899-5909.
DOI Google Scholar
Jo, B., Erkan, N., Okamoto, K. 2020. Richardson number criteria for direct-contact-condensation-induced thermal stratification using visualization. Prog Nucl Energy, 118:103095.
DOI Google Scholar
Jo, H., Jo, D. 2017. Experimental studies of condensing vapor bubbles in subcooled pool water using visual and acoustic analysis methods. Ann Nucl Energy, 110:171-185.
DOI Google Scholar
Kalman, H. 2003. Condensation of bubbles in miscible liquids. Int J Heat Mass Tran, 46:3451-3463.
DOI Google Scholar
Kalman, H., Mori, Y. H. 2002. Experimental analysis of a single vapor bubble condensing in subcooled liquid. Chem Eng J, 85:197-206.
DOI Google Scholar
Kalman, H., Ullmann, A. 1999. Experimental analysis of bubble shapes during condensation in miscible and immiscible liquids. J Fluid Eng, 121:496-502.
DOI Google Scholar
Kandlikar, S. G. 2017. Enhanced macroconvection mechanism with separate liquid-vapor pathways to improve pool boiling performance. J Heat Transfer, 139:051501.
DOI Google Scholar
Khosravifar, P., Zonouzi, S. A., Aminfar, H., Mohammadpourfard, M. 2021. Numerical investigation of the condensation of a rising bubble inside a subcooled liquid under magnetic field. Int J Therm Sci, 160:106674.
DOI Google Scholar
Kim, S., Park, G. 2011. Interfacial heat transfer of condensing bubble in subcooled boiling flow at low pressure. Int J Heat Mass Tran, 54:2962-2974.
DOI Google Scholar
Kumagai, S., Kawabata, K., Yoshikawa, H., Shimada, R. 2000. Pressure fluctuation associated with bubble motion in microbubble emission boiling from a vertical surface. JSME Int J B: Fluid T, 43:206-212.
DOI Google Scholar
Leighton, T. G., Walton, A. J. 1987. An experimental study of the sound emitted from gas bubbles in a liquid. Eur J Phys, 8:98-104.
DOI Google Scholar
Lerner, Y., Kalman, H., Letan, R. 1987. Condensation of an accelerating- decelerating bubble: Experimental and phenomenological analysis. J Heat Transfer, 109:509-517.
DOI Google Scholar
Lerner, Y., Letan, R. 1990. Dynamics of condensing bubbles at intermediate frequencies of injection. J Heat Transfer, 112:825-829.
DOI Google Scholar
Li, S. Q., Wang, P., Lu, T. 2015. Numerical simulation of direct contact condensation of subsonic steam injected in a water pool using VOF method and LES turbulence model. Prog Nucl Energy, 78:201-215.
DOI Google Scholar
Li, W., Meng, Z., Sun, Z., Fan, G., Wang, J. 2020a. Investigation on steam direct contact condensation injected vertically at low mass flux, part II: Steam-air mixture experiment. Int J Heat Mass Tran, 155:119807.
DOI Google Scholar
Li, W., Wang, J., Zhou, Y., Sun, Z., Meng, Z. 2019. Investigation on steam contact condensation injected vertically at low mass flux: Part I pure steam experiment. Int J Heat Mass Tran, 131:301-312.
DOI Google Scholar
Li, X., Tang, J. G., Sun, L. C., Li, J., Bao, J. J., Liu, H. L. 2020b. Enhancement of subcooled boiling in confined space using ultrasonic waves. Chem Eng Sci, 223:115751.
DOI Google Scholar
Liu, H. L, Tang, J. G., Sun, L. C., Mo, Z. Y., Xie, G. 2020. An assessment and analysis of phase change models for the simulation of vapor bubble condensation. Int J Heat Mass Tran, 157:119924.
DOI Google Scholar
Lucic, A., Emans, M., Mayinger, F., Zenger, C. 2004. Interferometric and numerical study of the temperature field in the boundary layer and heat transfer in subcooled flow boiling. Int J Heat Fluid Flow, 25:180-195.
DOI Google Scholar
Lucic, A., Mayinger, F. 2010. Transport phenomena in subcooled flow boiling. Heat Mass Transf, 46:1159-1166.
DOI Google Scholar
Magnaudet, J., Legendre, D. 1998. The viscous drag force on a spherical bubble with a time-dependent radius. Phys Fluids, 10:550-554.
DOI Google Scholar
Mazed, D., Frano, R. L., Aquaro, D., del Serra, D., Sekachev, I., Olcese, M. 2018. Experimental investigation of steam condensation in water tank at sub-atmospheric pressure. Nucl Eng Des, 335:241-254.
DOI Google Scholar
Moalem, D., Sideman, S., Orell, A., Hetsroni, G. 1973. Direct contact heat transfer with change of phase: Condensation of a bubble train. Int J Heat Mass Tran, 16:2305-2319.
DOI Google Scholar
Moore, D. W. 1965. The velocity of rise of distorted gas bubbles in a liquid of small viscosity. J Fluid Mech, 23:749-766.
DOI Google Scholar
Narayan, S., Singh, T., Singh, S., Srivastava, A. 2019. Experiments on the effects of varying subcooled conditions on the dynamics of single vapor bubble and heat transfer rates in nucleate pool boiling regime. Int J Heat Mass Tran, 134:85-100.
DOI Google Scholar
Nebuchinov, A. S., Lozhkin, Y. A., Bilsky, A. V., Markovich, D. M. 2017. Combination of PIV and PLIF methods to study convective heat transfer in an impinging jet. Exp Therm Fluid Sci, 80:139-146.
DOI Google Scholar
Nguyen, T. T., Tsuzuki, N., Murakawa, H., Duong, N. H., Kikura, H. 2016. Measurement of the condensation rate of vapor bubbles rising upward in subcooled water by using two ultrasonic frequencies. Int J Heat Mass Tran, 99:159-169.
DOI Google Scholar
Pan, L., Tan, Z., Chen, D., Xue, L. 2012. Numerical investigation of vapor bubble condensation characteristics of subcooled flow boiling in vertical rectangular channel. Nucl Eng Des, 248:126-136.
DOI Google Scholar
Plesset, M. S. 1966. A discussion on deformation of solids by the impact of liquids, and its relation to rain damage in aircraft and missiles, to blade erosion in steam turbines, and to cavitation erosion - Shockwaves from cavity collapse. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series A, Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 110:241-244.
DOI Google Scholar
Prosperetti, A. 2017. Vapor bubbles. Annu Rev Fluid Mech, 49:221-248.
DOI Google Scholar
Prosperetti, A., Hao, Y. 2002. Vapor bubbles in flow and acoustic fields. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 974:328-347.
DOI Google Scholar
Qiu, B., Yang, Q., Meng, F, Zhang, D., Chong, D., Liu, J., Yan, J. 2020. Experimental investigation on the interface shape of bubble condensation for vertical upward steam jet at low mass flux. Int J Heat Mass Tran, 157:119909.
DOI Google Scholar
Qu, X. H., Tian, M. C., Zhang, G. M., Leng, X. L. 2015. Experimental and numerical investigations on the air-steam mixture bubble condensation characteristics in stagnant cool water. Nucl Eng Des, 285:188-196.
DOI Google Scholar
Ranz, W., Marshall, W. 1952. Evaporation from drops. Chem Eng Prog, 48:141-146.
Google Scholar
Schulz, J. M., Junne, H., Böhm, L., Kraume, M. 2020. Measuring local heat transfer by application of Rainbow Schlieren Deflectometry in case of different symmetric conditions. Exp Therm Fluid Sci, 110:109887.
DOI Google Scholar
Simpson, M. E., Chan, C. K. 1982. Hydrodynamics of a subsonic vapor jet in subcooled liquid. J Heat Transfer, 104:271-278.
DOI Google Scholar
Sinha, G. K., Mahimkar, S., Srivastava, A. 2019. Schlieren-based simultaneous mapping of bubble dynamics and temperature gradients in nucleate flow boiling regime: Effect of flow rates and degree of subcooling. Exp Therm Fluid Sci, 104:238-257.
DOI Google Scholar
Soedarmo, A. A., Rodrigues, H. T., Pereyra, E., Sarica, C. 2019. A new objective and distribution-based method to characterize pseudo- slug flow from wire-mesh-sensors (WMS) data. Exp Therm Fluid Sci, 109:109855.
DOI Google Scholar
Song, S., Yue, X., Zhao, Q., Chong, D., Chen, W., Yan, J. 2020. Numerical study on mechanism of condensation oscillation of unstable steam jet. Chem Eng Sci, 211:115303.
DOI Google Scholar
Suzuki, K., Kokubu, T., Nakano, M., Kawamura, H., Ueno, I., Shida, H., Ogawa, O. 2005. Enhancement of heat transfer in subcooled flow boiling with microbubble emission. Exp Therm Fluid Sci, 29:827-832.
DOI Google Scholar
Suzuki, K., Yuki, K., Hong, C. 2011. Subcooled boiling with microbubble emission (on mechanism of MEB generation). In: Proceedings of the 22nd International Symposium on Transport Phenomena.
Takeda, Y. 1986. Velocity profile measurement by ultrasound Doppler shift method. Int J Heat Fluid Flow, 7:313-318.
DOI Google Scholar
Tang, J. G., Sun, L. C., Du, M., Liu, H. T., Mo, Z. Y., Bao, J. J. 2019a. Experimental investigation of transition process from nucleate boiling to microbubble emission boiling under transient heating modes. AIChE J, 65:e16555.
DOI Google Scholar
Tang, J. G., Sun, L. C., Wu, D., Du, M., Xie, G., Yang, K. 2019b. Effects of ultrasound on subcooled pool boiling on a small plain heating surface. Chem Eng Sci, 201:274-287.
DOI Google Scholar
Tang, J. G., Xie, G., Bao, J. J., Mo, Z. Y., Liu, H. T., Du, M. 2018. Experimental study of sound emission in subcooled pool boiling on a small heating surface. Chem Eng Sci, 188:179-191.
DOI Google Scholar
Tang, J., Yan, C., Sun, L. 2015a. A study visualizing the collapse of vapor bubbles in a subcooled pool. Int J Heat Mass Tran, 88:597-608.
DOI Google Scholar
Tang, J., Yan, C., Sun, L. 2015b. Feature of acoustic sound signals involved in vapor bubble condensation and its application in identification of condensation regimes. Chem Eng Sci, 137:384-397.
DOI Google Scholar
Tang, J., Yan, C., Sun, L. 2015c. Effects of noncondensable gas and ultrasonic vibration on vapor bubble condensing and collapsing. Exp Therm Fluid Sci, 61:210-220.
DOI Google Scholar
Tang, J., Yan, C., Sun, L. 2016. Enhanced vapor bubble condensation and collapse with ultrasonic vibration. Exp Therm Fluid Sci, 70:115-124.
DOI Google Scholar
Tang, J., Yan, C., Sun, L., Li, Y., Wang K. Y. 2015d. Effect of liquid subcooling on acoustic characteristics during the condensation process of vapor bubbles in a subcooled pool. Nucl Eng Des, 293:492-502.
DOI Google Scholar
Tange, M., Takagi, S., Watanabe, M., Shoji, M. 2004. Microbubble emission boiling in a microchannel and minichannel. Therm Sci Eng, 12:23-29.
DOI Google Scholar
Tompkins, C., Prasser, H. M., Corradini, M. 2018. Wire-mesh sensors: A review of methods and uncertainty in multiphase flows relative to other measurement techniques. Nucl Eng Des, 337:205-220.
DOI Google Scholar
Ueno, I., Ando, J., Koiwa, Y., Saiki, T., Kaneko, T. 2015. Interfacial instability of a condensing vapor bubble in a subcooled liquid. Eur Phys J Spec Top, 224:415-424.
DOI Google Scholar
Ueno, I., Saiki, T., Osawa, T., Hong, C. 2013. Condensation and collapse of vapor bubble injected to subcooled pool. In: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels, Paper No. ICNMM2013-73190, V001T04A011.
DOI
Ullmann, A., Letan, R. 1989. Effect of noncondensibles on condensation and evaporation of bubbles. J Heat Transfer, 111:1060-1067.
DOI Google Scholar
Ünal, H. C. 1976. Maximum bubble diameter, maximum bubble- growth time and bubble growth rate during the subcooled nucleate flow boiling of water up to 17.7 MN/m2. Int J Heat Mass Tran, 19:643-649.
DOI Google Scholar
Wanchoo, R. K., Sharma, S. K., Raina, G. K. 1997. Drag coefficient and velocity of rise of a single collapsing two-phase bubble. AIChE J, 43:1955-1963.
DOI Google Scholar
Warrier, G. R., Vijay, N. B., Dhir, K. 2002. Interfacial heat transfer during subcooled flow boiling. Int J Heat Mass Tran, 45:3947-3959.
DOI Google Scholar
Xu, Q., Ye, S., Liu, W., Chen, Y., Chen, Q., Guo, L. 2019. Intelligent identification of steam jet condensation regime in water pipe flow system by wavelet multiresolution analysis of pressure oscillation and artificial neural network. Appl Therm Eng, 147:1047-1058.
DOI Google Scholar
Yang, B., Prosperetti, A. 2008. Vapour bubble collapse in isothermal and non-isothermal liquids. J Fluid Mech, 601:253-279.
DOI Google Scholar
Yang, Q., Qiu, B., Chen, W., Chong, D., Liu, J., Yan, J. 2020. Experimental investigation on the condensation regime and pressure oscillation characteristics of vertical upward steam jet condensation with low mass flux. Exp Therm Fluid Sci, 111:109983.
DOI Google Scholar
Yang, S. R., Seo, J., Hassan, Y. A. 2019. Thermal hydraulic characteristics of unstable bubbling of direct contact condensation of steam in subcooled water. Int J Heat Mass Tran, 138:580-596.
DOI Google Scholar
Yeoh, G. H. 2019. Thermal hydraulic considerations of nuclear reactor systems: Past, present and future challenges. Exp Comput Multiphase Flow, 1:3-27
DOI Google Scholar
Yoo, J., Estrada-Perez, C. E., Hassan, Y. A. 2018. Development of a mechanistic model for sliding bubbles growth prediction in subcooled boiling flow. Appl Therm Eng, 138:657-667.
DOI Google Scholar
Yuan, D. W., Pan, L. M., Chen, D. Q., Wang, X. J. 2009. Condensation heat transfer coefficient at vapour-liquid interface of subcooled flow boiling in vertical narrow rectangular channel. Nucl Power Eng, 30:30-34 (in Chinese).
Google Scholar
Zeitoun, O., Shoukri, M., Chatoorgoon, V. 1995. Interfacial heat transfer between steam bubbles and subcooled water in vertical upward flow. Int J Multiphase Flow, 117:402-407.
DOI Google Scholar
Zeng, Q., Cai, J., Yin, H., Yang, X., Watanabe, T. 2015. Numerical simulation of single bubble condensation in subcooled flow using Open FOAM. Prog Nucl Eng, 83:336-346.
DOI Google Scholar
Zhang, Y., Feng, L., Liu, L., Fu, X., Lu, D., Yang, Y., Ouyang, B. 2019. Experimental research on heat transfer characteristics of the unstable multi-hole steam jets and development of the lumped condensation model. Int J Heat Mass Tran, 139:46-57.
DOI Google Scholar
Zhao, Q., Hibiki, T. 2018. Review: Condensation regime maps of steam submerged jet condensation. Prog Nucl Energy, 107:31-47.
DOI Google Scholar
Publication history
Copyright
Acknowledgements

Publication history

Received: 02 September 2020
Revised: 28 October 2020
Accepted: 15 November 2020
Published: 08 January 2021
Issue date: June 2022

Copyright

© Tsinghua University Press 2020

Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful for the financial supports of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 52076144 and 51706149) and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant Nos. 2019T120840 and 2018M643474).

Return