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Friction 2024, 12(4): 591-605 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-023-0750-x
Research Article | Open Access | Issue | Published: 04 December 2023

Hydration lubrication modulated by water structure at TiO2–aqueous interfaces

Show Author's Information Pingsu MA,  Yuan LIU,  Ke HAN,  Yu TIAN( ),  Liran MA( )
State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Keywords:
hydration lubrication, titanium dioxide (TiO2), interfacial water structures, hydration effects
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MA P, LIU Y, HAN K, et al. Hydration lubrication modulated by water structure at TiO2–aqueous interfaces. Friction, 2024, 12(4): 591-605. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-023-0750-x
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Abstract Full text Electronic supplementary material About this article

The nature of solid–liquid interfaces is of great significance in lubrication. Remarkable advances have been made in lubrication based on hydration effects. However, a detailed molecular-level understanding is still lacking. Here, we investigated water molecule behaviors at the TiO2–aqueous interfaces by the sum-frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy (SFG-VS) and atomic force microscope (AFM) to elucidate the fundamental role of solid–liquid interfaces in lubrication. Combined contributions of water structures and hydration effects were revealed, where water structures played the dominant role in lubrication for TiO2 surfaces of varying hydrophilicity, while hydration effects dominated with the increasing of ion concentrations. Superior lubrication is observed on the initial TiO2 surfaces with strongly H-bonded water molecules compared to the hydrophilic TiO2 surfaces with more disordered water. The stable ordered water arrangement with strong hydrogen bonds and the shear plane occurring between the ordered water layer and subsequent water layer may play a significant role in achieving lower friction. More adsorbed hydrated molecules with the increasing ionic concentration perturb ordered water but lead to the enhancement of hydration effects, which is the main reason for the improved lubrication for both TiO2. This work provides more insights into the detailed molecular-level understanding of the mechanism of hydration lubrication.


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About this article

Hydration lubrication modulated by water structure at TiO2–aqueous interfaces

Show Author's information Pingsu MA, Yuan LIU, Ke HAN, Yu TIAN( ), Liran MA( )
State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

Abstract

The nature of solid–liquid interfaces is of great significance in lubrication. Remarkable advances have been made in lubrication based on hydration effects. However, a detailed molecular-level understanding is still lacking. Here, we investigated water molecule behaviors at the TiO2–aqueous interfaces by the sum-frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy (SFG-VS) and atomic force microscope (AFM) to elucidate the fundamental role of solid–liquid interfaces in lubrication. Combined contributions of water structures and hydration effects were revealed, where water structures played the dominant role in lubrication for TiO2 surfaces of varying hydrophilicity, while hydration effects dominated with the increasing of ion concentrations. Superior lubrication is observed on the initial TiO2 surfaces with strongly H-bonded water molecules compared to the hydrophilic TiO2 surfaces with more disordered water. The stable ordered water arrangement with strong hydrogen bonds and the shear plane occurring between the ordered water layer and subsequent water layer may play a significant role in achieving lower friction. More adsorbed hydrated molecules with the increasing ionic concentration perturb ordered water but lead to the enhancement of hydration effects, which is the main reason for the improved lubrication for both TiO2. This work provides more insights into the detailed molecular-level understanding of the mechanism of hydration lubrication.

Keywords: hydration lubrication, titanium dioxide (TiO2), interfacial water structures, hydration effects

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Publication history

Received: 03 October 2022
Revised: 30 November 2022
Accepted: 26 February 2023
Published: 04 December 2023
Issue date: April 2024

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© The author(s) 2023.

Acknowledgements

This study was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51922058).

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