Crystallographic orientation dependence on nanoscale friction behavior of energetic β-HMX crystal

Ying YIN; Hongtao LI; Zhihong CAO; Binghong LI; Qingshan LI; Hongtu HE; Jiaxin YU

doi:10.1007/s40544-022-0725-3

Friction 2023, 11(12): 2264-2277 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-022-0725-3

Research Article |

Open Access | Issue | Published: 13 March 2023

Crystallographic orientation dependence on nanoscale friction behavior of energetic β-HMX crystal

Show Author's Information Hide Author's Information Ying YIN^¹(

), Hongtao LI^¹, Zhihong CAO^², Binghong LI^², Qingshan LI^², Hongtu HE^²(

), Jiaxin YU^²(

)

1 Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, China

2 Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process in Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China

Keywords:

friction, wear, plastic deformation, nanoscratch, β-octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (β-HMX)

Cite this article:

YIN Y, LI H, CAO Z, et al. Crystallographic orientation dependence on nanoscale friction behavior of energetic β-HMX crystal. Friction, 2023, 11(12): 2264-2277. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-022-0725-3

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Abstract Full text Electronic supplementary material About this article

Abstract

Tribology behaviors of energetic crystals play critical roles in the friction-induced hotspot in high-energy explosive, however, the binder and energetic crystals are not distinguished properly in previous investigations. In this study, for the first time, the nanoscale friction of β-octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (β-HMX) crystal is studied with nanoscratch tests under the ramping load mode. The results show that the nanoscale friction and wear of β-HMX crystal, as a typical energetic material, is highly depended on the applied load. The friction coefficient of β-HMX crystal is initially high when no discernible wear is observed, and then it decreases to a stable value which varies from ~0.2 to ~0.7, depending on the applied load, scratch direction, and crystal planes. The β-HMX (011) surfaces show weakly friction and wear anisotropy behavior; in contrast, the β-HMX (110) surfaces show strongly friction and wear anisotropy behavior where the friction coefficient, critical load for the elastic–plastic deformation transition and plastic–cracking deformation transition, and deformation index at higher normal load are highly depended on the scratch directions. Further analyses indicate the slip system and direction of β-HMX surfaces play key roles in determining the nanoscale friction and wear of β-HMX surfaces. The obtained results can provide deeper insight into the friction and wear of energetic crystal materials.

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About this article

Crystallographic orientation dependence on nanoscale friction behavior of energetic β-HMX crystal

Show Author's information Hide Author's Information Ying YIN^¹(

), Hongtao LI^¹, Zhihong CAO^², Binghong LI^², Qingshan LI^², Hongtu HE^²(

), Jiaxin YU^²(

)

1 Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, China

Abstract

Keywords: friction, wear, plastic deformation, nanoscratch, β-octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (β-HMX)

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Received: 23 June 2022

Revised: 09 August 2022

Accepted: 21 November 2022

Published: 13 March 2023

Issue date: December 2023

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support of this work by President Foundation of China Academy of Engineering Physics (YZJJLX2020005) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 51975492).

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