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Friction 2022, 10(2): 296-315 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-021-0491-7
Research Article | Open Access | Issue | Published: 10 April 2021

Differences in nano-topography and tribochemistry of ZDDP tribofilms from variations in contact configuration with steel and DLC surfaces

Show Author's Information Lucija ČOGA1,  Somayeh AKBARI2,  Janez KOVAČ3,  Mitjan KALIN1( )
Laboratory for Tribology and Interface Nanotechnology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
NanoSciTec GmbH, Munich 80687, Germany
Department of Surface Engineering and Optoelectronics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
Keywords:
tribofilm, tribochemistry, diamond-like carbon (DLC), steel, topography, thickness, dithiophosphate (ZDDP), nano-friction
Cite this article:
ČOGA L, AKBARI S, KOVAČ J, et al. Differences in nano-topography and tribochemistry of ZDDP tribofilms from variations in contact configuration with steel and DLC surfaces. Friction, 2022, 10(2): 296-315. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-021-0491-7
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Abstract Full text About this article

In this work, we evaluated the effect of the counter-body material (the same or dissimilar) and contact configuration (moving or stationary body), at similar contact tribological conditions, on the tribochemical and nanotopography characteristics of adsorbed surface films. Zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP), the best performing anti-wear additive, was used in self-mated steel/steel and DLC/DLC contacts, which were compared with mixed steel/DLC and DLC/steel contacts in 1-h and 6-h sliding tests. The macroscale (tribometer) and nanoscale (atomic force microscopy) friction, thickness, topography, and chemical (attenuated total reflection- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) properties of the tribofilms were studied. The results revealed unexpectedly large differences in all the studied tribofilm parameters; this is because all the tribofilms are completely different; this includes the chemical composition, which is known to have a crucial effect on the nano- and macro-scale tribological properties. These results clearly demonstrate that the surface material, additives, and common contact operating parameters, that is, pressure, velocity, and temperature, crucially affect the ZDDP tribofilm as well as the position of the moving or stationary surface within the contact, and the material of the moving/stationary bodies.


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Differences in nano-topography and tribochemistry of ZDDP tribofilms from variations in contact configuration with steel and DLC surfaces

Show Author's information Lucija ČOGA1, Somayeh AKBARI2, Janez KOVAČ3, Mitjan KALIN1( )
Laboratory for Tribology and Interface Nanotechnology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
NanoSciTec GmbH, Munich 80687, Germany
Department of Surface Engineering and Optoelectronics, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia

Abstract

In this work, we evaluated the effect of the counter-body material (the same or dissimilar) and contact configuration (moving or stationary body), at similar contact tribological conditions, on the tribochemical and nanotopography characteristics of adsorbed surface films. Zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP), the best performing anti-wear additive, was used in self-mated steel/steel and DLC/DLC contacts, which were compared with mixed steel/DLC and DLC/steel contacts in 1-h and 6-h sliding tests. The macroscale (tribometer) and nanoscale (atomic force microscopy) friction, thickness, topography, and chemical (attenuated total reflection- Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) properties of the tribofilms were studied. The results revealed unexpectedly large differences in all the studied tribofilm parameters; this is because all the tribofilms are completely different; this includes the chemical composition, which is known to have a crucial effect on the nano- and macro-scale tribological properties. These results clearly demonstrate that the surface material, additives, and common contact operating parameters, that is, pressure, velocity, and temperature, crucially affect the ZDDP tribofilm as well as the position of the moving or stationary surface within the contact, and the material of the moving/stationary bodies.

Keywords: tribofilm, tribochemistry, diamond-like carbon (DLC), steel, topography, thickness, dithiophosphate (ZDDP), nano-friction

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Publication history
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Publication history

Received: 27 May 2020
Revised: 03 November 2020
Accepted: 11 January 2021
Published: 10 April 2021
Issue date: February 2022

Copyright

© The author(s) 2021

Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the financial support from the Slovenian Research Agency ARRS (research core funding No. P2-0231 Tribology and research project No. J2-7115 Nanoscale engineering of the contact interfaces for green lubrication technology). The authors also acknowledge F. Meunier from Oerlikon Balzers for providing the DLC coatings used in this work.

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