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Friction 2021, 9(3): 513-523 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-019-0354-7
Research Article | Open Access | Issue | Published: 08 April 2020

Quantification/mechanism of interfacial interaction modulated by electric potential in aqueous salt solution

Show Author's Information Shaowei LI1,  Pengpeng BAI1,  Yuanzhe LI1,  Noshir S. PESIKA2,  Yonggang MENG1,  Liran MA1( ),  Yu TIAN1( )
State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA
Keywords:
superlubricity, adhesion, electrochemical potential, reversible switching, nonlinear friction
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LI S, BAI P, LI Y, et al. Quantification/mechanism of interfacial interaction modulated by electric potential in aqueous salt solution. Friction, 2021, 9(3): 513-523. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-019-0354-7
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Abstract Full text Electronic supplementary material About this article

With the development of surface and interface science and technology, methods for the online modulation of interfacial performance by external stimuli are in high demand. Switching between ultra-low and high friction states is a particular goal owing to its applicability to the development of precision machines and nano/micro-electromechanical systems. In this study, reversible switching between superlubricity and high friction is realized by controlling the electric potential of a gold surface in aqueous salt solution sliding against a SiO2 microsphere. Applying positive potential results creates an ice-like water layer with high hydrogen bonding and adhesion at the interface, leading to nonlinear high friction. However, applying negative potential results in free water on the gold surface and negligible adhesion at the interface, causing linear ultra-low friction (friction coefficient of about 0.004, superlubricity state). A quantitative description of how the external load and interfacial adhesion affected friction force was developed, which agrees well with the experimental results. Thus, this work quantitatively reveals the mechanism of potential-controlled switching between superlubricity and high-friction states. Controlling the interfacial behavior via the electric potential could inspire novel design strategies for nano/micro-electromechanical and nano/micro-fluidic systems.


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About this article

Quantification/mechanism of interfacial interaction modulated by electric potential in aqueous salt solution

Show Author's information Shaowei LI1, Pengpeng BAI1, Yuanzhe LI1, Noshir S. PESIKA2, Yonggang MENG1, Liran MA1( ), Yu TIAN1( )
State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA

Abstract

With the development of surface and interface science and technology, methods for the online modulation of interfacial performance by external stimuli are in high demand. Switching between ultra-low and high friction states is a particular goal owing to its applicability to the development of precision machines and nano/micro-electromechanical systems. In this study, reversible switching between superlubricity and high friction is realized by controlling the electric potential of a gold surface in aqueous salt solution sliding against a SiO2 microsphere. Applying positive potential results creates an ice-like water layer with high hydrogen bonding and adhesion at the interface, leading to nonlinear high friction. However, applying negative potential results in free water on the gold surface and negligible adhesion at the interface, causing linear ultra-low friction (friction coefficient of about 0.004, superlubricity state). A quantitative description of how the external load and interfacial adhesion affected friction force was developed, which agrees well with the experimental results. Thus, this work quantitatively reveals the mechanism of potential-controlled switching between superlubricity and high-friction states. Controlling the interfacial behavior via the electric potential could inspire novel design strategies for nano/micro-electromechanical and nano/micro-fluidic systems.

Keywords: superlubricity, adhesion, electrochemical potential, reversible switching, nonlinear friction

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Publication history

Received: 02 September 2019
Revised: 02 December 2019
Accepted: 12 December 2019
Published: 08 April 2020
Issue date: June 2021

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© The author(s) 2019

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51901112 and 51425502), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2018M630145) and the Major Scientific Research and Development Project in Jiangxi (No. 20173ABC28008). We thank Xiaosong Li and Xinxin Li in our research group for the design of graphics.

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