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Applications of MXenes in human-like sensors and actuators
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Human beings perceive the world through the senses of sight, hearing, smell, taste, touch, space, and balance. The first five senses are prerequisites for people to live. The sensing organs upload information to the nervous systems, including the brain, for interpreting the surrounding environment. Then, the brain sends commands to muscles reflexively to react to stimuli, including light, gas, chemicals, sound, and pressure. MXene, as an emerging two-dimensional material, has been intensively adopted in the applications of various sensors and actuators. In this review, we update the sensors to mimic five primary senses and actuators for stimulating muscles, which employ MXene-based film, membrane, and composite with other functional materials. First, a brief introduction is delivered for the structure, properties, and synthesis methods of MXenes. Then, we feed the readers the recent reports on the MXene-derived image sensors as artificial retinas, gas sensors, chemical biosensors, acoustic devices, and tactile sensors for electronic skin. Besides, the actuators of MXene-based composite are introduced. Eventually, future opportunities are given to MXene research based on the requirements of artificial intelligence and humanoid robot, which may induce prospects in accompanying healthcare and biomedical engineering applications.
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Applications of MXenes in human-like sensors and actuators
Abstract
Human beings perceive the world through the senses of sight, hearing, smell, taste, touch, space, and balance. The first five senses are prerequisites for people to live. The sensing organs upload information to the nervous systems, including the brain, for interpreting the surrounding environment. Then, the brain sends commands to muscles reflexively to react to stimuli, including light, gas, chemicals, sound, and pressure. MXene, as an emerging two-dimensional material, has been intensively adopted in the applications of various sensors and actuators. In this review, we update the sensors to mimic five primary senses and actuators for stimulating muscles, which employ MXene-based film, membrane, and composite with other functional materials. First, a brief introduction is delivered for the structure, properties, and synthesis methods of MXenes. Then, we feed the readers the recent reports on the MXene-derived image sensors as artificial retinas, gas sensors, chemical biosensors, acoustic devices, and tactile sensors for electronic skin. Besides, the actuators of MXene-based composite are introduced. Eventually, future opportunities are given to MXene research based on the requirements of artificial intelligence and humanoid robot, which may induce prospects in accompanying healthcare and biomedical engineering applications.
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Acknowledgements
S. P. thanks the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of Chinese Academy of Sciences. J. P. thanks the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51802116), the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province for the Natural Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars of Shandong Province (No. ZR202112010179), and the Doctoral Fund (No. ZR2019BEM040). H. L. acknowledges the “20 Items of University” Project of Jinan (No. 2018GXRC031). W. Z. thanks the Major Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of Shandong Province (No. 2021CXGC010603), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52022037), and Taishan Scholars Project Special Funds (No. TSQN201812083). The Project was supported by the Foundation (No. GZKF202107) of State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology, Shandong Academy of Sciences. X. W. thanks the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 22003074), Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS. M. H. R. thanks the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52071225), the National Science Center and the Czech Republic under the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) program “Institute of Environmental Technology—Excellent Research” (No. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000853), and the Sino-German Research Institute for support (No. GZ 1400).
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