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Nano Research 2023, 16(5): 6780-6788 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-022-5262-x
Research Article | Issue | Published: 03 January 2023

Surface terminals reconstruction: The way to widen the output voltage of MXene-based aqueous symmetrical micro-supercapacitors

Show Author's Information Yudong Wu1,§,  Jimin Fu2,§,  Ningning He3,  Jun Liu3,  Tao Hua2,  Chengbing Qin4( ),  Haibo Hu1,4( )
School of Physics and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
Nanotechnology Centre, Institute of Textiles & Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China

§ Yudong Wu and Jimin Fu contributed equally to this work.

Keywords:
MXene, aqueous electrolyte, terminals reconstruction, potential of zero voltage, symmetrical micro-supercapacitor
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Nano deviceEnergy
Cite this article:
Wu Y, Fu J, He N, et al. Surface terminals reconstruction: The way to widen the output voltage of MXene-based aqueous symmetrical micro-supercapacitors. Nano Research, 2023, 16(5): 6780-6788. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-022-5262-x
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Abstract Full text Electronic supplementary material About this article

The low anodic oxidation potential severely suppresses the output voltage (≤ 0.6 V) of MXene-based symmetrical aqueous micro-supercapacitors (MSA-MSCs) employing acidic electrolytes. Herein, a surface terminals reconstruction mechanism on cathode of MSA-MSCs adopting aqueous neutral electrolyte (1 M Na2SO4) is first revealed by systematical electrochemical experiments and in/ex-situ spectral analysis, which indicates that: the -O terminals on Ti3C2Tx flakes of cathode can combine with intercalated Na+ cations during charging process to reconstruct into -ONa units to (i) inhibit the splitting reaction of adjacent water molecules, decreasing cathodic hydrogen evolution potential, and more significantly, (ii) lower the potential of zero voltage (P0V) between the symmetrical electrodes to avoid anode oxidation, enabling full use of the unexploited potential range of cathode. Thus, the output voltage of the MSA-MSCs tremendously expanded from 0.6 V in acidic polyacrylamide (PAM)/1 M H2SO4 hydrogel electrolyte to 1.5 V in neutral polyacrylamide/1 M Na2SO4 hydrogel electrolyte, boosting the corresponding areal energy density from 9.9 to 34.6 μW·h·cm–2. The demonstrated deep insight on the surface terminals reconstruction mechanism for synchronously modulating the P0V between symmetrical electrodes and hydrogen evolution potential on cathode provides critical guidance for widening the cell voltage of MSA-MSCs with safer and more inexpensive neutral electrolytes.


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About this article

Surface terminals reconstruction: The way to widen the output voltage of MXene-based aqueous symmetrical micro-supercapacitors

Show Author's information Yudong Wu1,§, Jimin Fu2,§, Ningning He3, Jun Liu3, Tao Hua2, Chengbing Qin4( ), Haibo Hu1,4( )
School of Physics and Materials Science, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials, Anhui University, Hefei 230601, China
Nanotechnology Centre, Institute of Textiles & Clothing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong, China
Institute of Solid State Physics, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China
State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China

§ Yudong Wu and Jimin Fu contributed equally to this work.

Abstract

The low anodic oxidation potential severely suppresses the output voltage (≤ 0.6 V) of MXene-based symmetrical aqueous micro-supercapacitors (MSA-MSCs) employing acidic electrolytes. Herein, a surface terminals reconstruction mechanism on cathode of MSA-MSCs adopting aqueous neutral electrolyte (1 M Na2SO4) is first revealed by systematical electrochemical experiments and in/ex-situ spectral analysis, which indicates that: the -O terminals on Ti3C2Tx flakes of cathode can combine with intercalated Na+ cations during charging process to reconstruct into -ONa units to (i) inhibit the splitting reaction of adjacent water molecules, decreasing cathodic hydrogen evolution potential, and more significantly, (ii) lower the potential of zero voltage (P0V) between the symmetrical electrodes to avoid anode oxidation, enabling full use of the unexploited potential range of cathode. Thus, the output voltage of the MSA-MSCs tremendously expanded from 0.6 V in acidic polyacrylamide (PAM)/1 M H2SO4 hydrogel electrolyte to 1.5 V in neutral polyacrylamide/1 M Na2SO4 hydrogel electrolyte, boosting the corresponding areal energy density from 9.9 to 34.6 μW·h·cm–2. The demonstrated deep insight on the surface terminals reconstruction mechanism for synchronously modulating the P0V between symmetrical electrodes and hydrogen evolution potential on cathode provides critical guidance for widening the cell voltage of MSA-MSCs with safer and more inexpensive neutral electrolytes.

Keywords: MXene, aqueous electrolyte, terminals reconstruction, potential of zero voltage, symmetrical micro-supercapacitor

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Received: 06 October 2022
Revised: 28 October 2022
Accepted: 29 October 2022
Published: 03 January 2023
Issue date: May 2023

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© Tsinghua University Press 2022

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

This work was financed by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51871001), Excellent Youth Fund of Anhui Province (No. 2108085Y17), Innovation and Entrepreneurship Support Plan of Anhui Province for Returned Personnels Studying Abroad (No. 2022LCX001), Project supported by the Program of State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices (No. KF202212), and Hundred-Talent Program of Anhui Province.

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