Superhydrophobic, photo-sterilize, and reusable mask based on graphene nanosheet-embedded carbon (GNEC) film

Zezhou Lin; Zheng Wang; Xi Zhang; Dongfeng Diao

doi:10.1007/s12274-020-3158-1

Nano Research 2021, 14(4): 1110-1115 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-020-3158-1

Research Article | Issue | Published: 25 November 2020

Superhydrophobic, photo-sterilize, and reusable mask based on graphene nanosheet-embedded carbon (GNEC) film

Show Author's Information Hide Author's Information Zezhou Lin^¹, Zheng Wang^², Xi Zhang^¹(

), Dongfeng Diao^¹

1 Institute of Nanosurface Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Optomechatronics Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China

2 Shenzhen Anhio Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen 518110, China

Keywords:

COVID-19, superhydrophobic, graphene nanosheet, photo-sterilize

Topics:

Carbon films Graphene Viruses

Cite this article:

Lin Z, Wang Z, Zhang X, et al. Superhydrophobic, photo-sterilize, and reusable mask based on graphene nanosheet-embedded carbon (GNEC) film. Nano Research, 2021, 14(4): 1110-1115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-020-3158-1

Download citation

EndNote(RIS)

BibTeX

568

Views

Downloads

Citations

Crossref

N/A

WoS

Scopus

CSCD

Abstract Full text Electronic supplementary material About this article

Abstract

The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has affected more than 200 countries. Wearing masks can effectively cut off the virus spreading route since the coronavirus is mainly spreading by respiratory droplets. However, the common surgical masks cannot be reused, resulting in the increasing economic and resource consumption around the world. Herein, we report a superhydrophobic, photo-sterilize, and reusable mask based on graphene nanosheet-embedded carbon (GNEC) film, with high-density edges of standing structured graphene nanosheets. The GNEC mask exhibits an excellent hydrophobic ability (water contact angle: 157.9°) and an outstanding filtration efficiency with 100% bacterial filtration efficiency (BFE). In addition, the GNEC mask shows the prominent photo-sterilize performance, heating up to 110 °C quickly under the solar illumination. These high performances may facilitate the combat against the COVID-19 outbreaks, while the reusable masks help reducing the economic and resource consumption.

Full text

Abstract

Full text

Outline

Electronic supplementary material

About this article

Superhydrophobic, photo-sterilize, and reusable mask based on graphene nanosheet-embedded carbon (GNEC) film

Show Author's information Hide Author's Information Zezhou Lin^¹, Zheng Wang^², Xi Zhang^¹(

), Dongfeng Diao^¹

1 Institute of Nanosurface Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Optomechatronics Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China

2 Shenzhen Anhio Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen 518110, China

Abstract

Keywords: COVID-19, superhydrophobic, graphene nanosheet, photo-sterilize

References(39)

[1]

K. G. Andersen,; A. Rambaut,; W. I. Lipkin,; E. C. Holmes,; R. F. Garry, The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2. Nat. Med. 2020, 26, 450-452.

DOI Google Scholar

[2]

H. W. Wang,; Z. Z. Wang,; Y. Q. Dong,; R. J. Chang,; C. Xu,; X. Y. Yu,; S. X. Zhang,; L. Tsamlag,; M. L. Shang,; J. Y. Huang, et al. Phase-adjusted estimation of the number of Coronavirus Disease 2019 cases in Wuhan, China. Cell Discov. 2020, 6, 10.

DOI Google Scholar

[3]

WHO. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19)[Online]. https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200928-weekly-epi-update.pdf?sfvrsn=9e354665_2.

DOI

[4]

L. R. Zou,; F. Ruan,; M. X. Huang,; L. J. Liang,; H. T. Huang,; Z. S. Hong,; J. X. Yu,; M. Kang,; Y. C. Song,; J. Y. Xia, et al. SARS-CoV-2 viral load in upper respiratory specimens of infected patients. New Engl. J. Med. 2020, 382, 1177-1179.

DOI Google Scholar

[5]

J. S. M. Peiris,; S. T. Lai,; L. L. M. Poon,; Y. Guan,; L. Y. C. Yam,; W. Lim,; J. Nicholls,; W. K. S. Yee,; W. W. Yan,; M. T. Cheung, et al. Coronavirus as a possible cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome. Lancet 2003, 361, 1319-1325.

DOI Google Scholar

[6]

S. Karimi,; A. Arabi,; T. Shahraki,; S. Safi, Detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus-2 in the tears of patients with Coronavirus disease 2019. Eye 2020, 34, 1220-1223.

DOI Google Scholar

[7]

C. C. Leung,; T. H. Lam,; K. K. Cheng, Mass masking in the COVID- 19 epidemic: People need guidance. Lancet 2020, 395, 945.

DOI Google Scholar

[8]

N. H. L. Leung,; D. K. W. Chu,; E. Y. C. Shiu,; K. H. Chan,; J. J. McDevitt,; B. J. P. Hau,; H. L. Yen,; Y. Li,; D. K. M. Ip,; J. S. M. Peiris, et al. Respiratory virus shedding in exhaled breath and efficacy of face masks. Nat. Med. 2020, 26, 676-680.

DOI Google Scholar

[9]

N. El-Atab,; N. Qaiser,; H. Badghaish,; S. F. Shaikh,; M. M. Hussain, Flexible nanoporous template for the design and development of reusable Anti-COVID-19 hydrophobic face masks. ACS Nano 2020, 14, 7659-7665.

DOI Google Scholar

[10]

K. Majchrzycka,; M. Okrasa,; J. Szulc,; A. Jachowicz,; B. Gutarowska, Survival of microorganisms on nonwovens used for the construction of filtering facepiece respirators. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2019, 16, 1154.

Google Scholar

[11]

A. Konda,; A. Prakash,; G. A. Moss,; M. Schmoldt,; G. D. Grant,; S. Guha, Aerosol filtration efficiency of common fabrics used in respiratory cloth masks. ACS Nano 2020, 14, 6339-6347.

Google Scholar

[12]

H. Zhong,; Z. R. Zhu,; J. Lin,; C. F. Cheung,; V. L. Lu,; F. Yan,; C. Y. Chan,; G. Li, Reusable and recyclable graphene masks with outstanding superhydrophobic and photothermal performances. ACS Nano 2020, 14, 6213-6221.

Google Scholar

[13]

S. Ullah,; A. Ullah,; J. Lee,; Y. Jeong,; M. Hashmi,; C. H. Zhu,; K. I. Joo,; H. J. Cha,; I. S. Kim, Reusability comparison of melt-blown vs nanofiber face mask filters for use in the coronavirus pandemic. ACS Appl. Nano Mat. 2020, 3, 7231-7241.

Google Scholar

[14]

A. Marmur, Hydro- hygro- oleo- omni-phobic? Terminology of wettability classification. Soft Matter 2012, 8, 6867-6870.

Google Scholar

[15]

H. Zhu,; Z. G. Guo,; W. N. Liu, Adhesion behaviors on superhydrophobic surfaces. Chem. Commun. 2014, 50, 3900-3913.

Google Scholar

[16]

L. J. Song,; L. W. Sun,; J. Zhao,; X. H. Wang,; J. H. Yin,; S. F. Luan,; W. H. Ming, Synergistic superhydrophobic and photodynamic cotton textiles with remarkable antibacterial activities. ACS Appl. Bio Mater. 2019, 2, 2756-2765.

Google Scholar

[17]

D. J. Hong,; I. Ryu,; H. Kwon,; J. J. Lee,; S. Yim, Preparation of superhydrophobic, long-neck vase-like polymer surfaces. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2013, 15, 11862-11867.

Google Scholar

[18]

E. Huovinen,; L. Takkunen,; T. Korpela,; M. Suvanto,; T. T. Pakkanen,; T. A. Pakkanen, Mechanically robust superhydrophobic polymer surfaces based on protective micropillars. Langmuir 2014, 30, 1435-1443.

Google Scholar

[19]

M. L. Liu,; Y. F. Luo,; D. M. Jia, Polydimethylsiloxane-based superhydrophobic membranes: Fabrication, durability, repairability, and applications. Polym. Chem. 2020, 11, 2370-2380.

Google Scholar

[20]

G. M. Ding,; W. C. Jiao,; R. G. Wang,; M. L. Yan,; Z. M. Chu,; X. D. He, Superhydrophobic heterogeneous graphene networks with controllable adhesion behavior for detecting multiple underwater motions. J. Mater. Chem. A 2019, 7, 17766-17774.

Google Scholar

[21]

Y. F. Si,; Z. G. Guo, Superhydrophobic nanocoatings: From materials to fabrications and to applications. Nanoscale 2015, 7, 5922-5946.

Google Scholar

[22]

H. Zhong,; Z. R. Zhu,; P. You,; J. Lin,; C. F. Cheung,; V. L. Lu,; F. Yan,; C. Y. Chan,; G. J. Li, Plasmonic and Superhydrophobic Self- Decontaminating N95 Respirators. ACS Nano 2020, 14, 8846-8854.

Google Scholar

[23]

X. Zhang,; Z. Z. Lin,; D. Peng,; L. Ye,; J. F. Zang,; D. Diao, Edge- state-enhanced ultrahigh photoresponsivity of graphene nanosheet- embedded carbon film/silicon heterojunction. Adv. Mater. Interfaces 2019, 6, 1802062.

Google Scholar

[24]

C. Wang,; X. Zhang,; D. F. Diao, Nanosized graphene crystallite induced strong magnetism in pure carbon films. Nanoscale 2015, 7, 4475-4481.

Google Scholar

[25]

X. Zhang,; D. Peng,; Z. Z. Lin,; W. C. Chen,; D. F. Diao, Edge effect on the photodetection ability of the graphene nanocrystallites embedded carbon film coated on p-silicon. Phys. Status Solidi RRL 2019, 13, 1800511.

Google Scholar

[26]

Y. Lee,; L. C. Wadsworth, Structure and filtration properties of melt blown polypropylene webs. Polymer Eng. Sci. 1990, 30, 1413-1419.

Google Scholar

[27]

Z. G. Wang,; P. J. Li,; Y. F. Chen,; J. B. Liu,; W. L. Zhang,; Z. Guo,; M. D. Dong,; Y. R. Li, Synthesis, characterization and electrical properties of silicon-doped graphene films. J. Mater. Chem. C 2015, 3, 6301-6306.

Google Scholar

[28]

X. Zhang,; Y. G. Nie,; W. T. Zheng,; J. L. Kuo,; C. Q. Sun, Discriminative generation and hydrogen modulation of the Dirac- Fermi polarons at graphene edges and atomic vacancies. Carbon 2011, 49, 3615-3621.

Google Scholar

[29]

X. Zhang,; C. Wang,; C. Q. Sun,; D. F. Diao, Magnetism induced by excess electrons trapped at diamagnetic edge-quantum well in multi-layer graphene. Appl. Phys. Lett. 2014, 105, 042402.

Google Scholar

[30]

T. Enoki,; Y. Kobayashi,; K. I. Fukui, Electronic structures of graphene edges and nanographene. Int. Rev. Phys. Chem. 2007, 26, 609-645.

Google Scholar

[31]

D. Ding,; X. Z. Dai,; C. Wang,; D. F. Diao, Temperature dependent crossover between positive and negative magnetoresistance in graphene nanocrystallines embedded carbon film. Carbon 2020, 163, 19-25.

Google Scholar

[32]

M. A. Pimenta,; G. Dresselhaus,; M. S. Dresselhaus,; L. G. Cançado,; A. Jorio,; R. Saito, Studying disorder in graphite-based systems by Raman spectroscopy. Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2007, 9, 1276-1291.

Google Scholar

[33]

X. J. Liu,; X. Zhang,; M. L. Bo,; L. Li,; H. W. Tian,; Y. G. Nie,; Y. Sun,; S. Q. Xu,; Y. Wang,; W. T. Zheng, et al. Coordination-resolved electron spectrometrics. Chem. Rev. 2015, 115, 6746-6810.

Google Scholar

[34]

H. Zhu,; L. Z. Wu,; X. Meng,; Y. G. Wang,; Y. Huang,; M. H. Lin,; F. Xia, An anti-UV superhydrophobic material with photocatalysis, self-cleaning, self-healing and oil/water separation functions. Nanoscale 2020, 12, 11455-11459.

Google Scholar

[35]

T. Verho,; C. Bower,; P. Andrew,; S. Franssila,; O. Ikkala,; R. H. A. Ras, Mechanically durable superhydrophobic surfaces. Adv. Mater. 2011, 23, 673-678.

Google Scholar

[36]

L. Morawska, Droplet fate in indoor environments, or can we prevent the spread of infection? Indoor Air 2006, 16, 335-347.

Google Scholar

[37]

H. W. Cho,; C. S. Yoon,; J. H. Lee,; S. J. Lee,; A. Viner,; E. W. Johnson, Comparison of pressure drop and filtration efficiency of particulate respirators using welding fumes and sodium chloride. Ann. Occup. Hyg. 2011, 55, 666-680.

Google Scholar

[38]

F. Li, Structure, function, and evolution of coronavirus spike proteins. Ann. Rev. Virol. 2016, 3, 237-261.

Google Scholar

[39]

P. Lazar,; S. Zhang,; K. Šafářová,; Q. Li,; J. P. Froning,; J. Granatier,; P. Hobza,; R. Zbořil,; F. Besenbacher,; M. D. Dong, et al. Quantification of the interaction forces between metals and graphene by quantum chemical calculations and dynamic force measurements under ambient conditions. ACS Nano 2013, 7, 1646-1651.

Google Scholar

Electronic supplementary material

File

12274_2020_3158_MOESM1_ESM.pdf (3.5 MB)

About this article

Publication history

Acknowledgements

Publication history

Received: 21 August 2020

Revised: 29 September 2020

Accepted: 04 October 2020

Published: 25 November 2020

Issue date: April 2021

Copyright

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51605306) and Shenzhen Overseas High-Level Talents Innovation and Entrepreneurship Plan (No. KQJSCX20180328094853770). The authors would like to thank the Electron Microscopy Center (EMC) of Shenzhen University for their technical supports in TEM and FIB.