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Review | Open Access

Innate Immune Cells in Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer: Roles in Tumor Progression and Therapeutic Responses

Jiaxin Liu1,2, Jie Jia1,2, Chong Wang3, Zongru Zhou1,2, Zhuoyu Cheng1,2, Ziyi Zhang1,2, Xueyi Jiang1,2, Ziyu Huang2, Chunyan Li1,2,4,5 ( )
School of Engineering Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China
Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chest Hospital, Capital Medical University & Beijing Tuberculosis and Thoracic Tumor Research Institute, Beijing, China
Key Laboratory of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment Technology and Intelligent Imaging Equipment (Ministry of Industry and Information Technology), Beihang University, Beijing, China
Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Technology Research and Translation, Beihang University, Beijing, China
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Abstract

As a leading cause of cancer‐related morbidity and mortality worldwide, non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is profoundly influenced by innate immune cells (IICs). In addition to serving as key mediators of antimicrobial defense and adaptive immune activation, IICs exert pivotal and multifaceted influences on the initiation, progression, and therapeutic responses of NSCLC. This review integrates current knowledge on the classification, phenotypic plasticity, and functions of IICs, as well as their crosstalk within the tumor microenvironment in NSCLC, summarizes therapeutic strategies targeting IICs, and discusses the existing challenges and future perspectives in NSCLC immunotherapy, to provide theoretical references for the immunotherapy of NSCLC.

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Keywords

immunotherapyinnate immune cellsnon‐small cell lung cancertumor microenvironment

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Cancer Innovation
Volume 5 Issue 4,
August 2026
Article number: e70072
DOI: 10.1002/cai2.70072

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Cite this article:
Liu J, Jia J, Wang C, et al. Innate Immune Cells in Non‐Small Cell Lung Cancer: Roles in Tumor Progression and Therapeutic Responses. Cancer Innovation, 2026, 5(4): e70072. https://doi.org/10.1002/cai2.70072

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Received: 06 December 2025
Revised: 03 June 2026
Accepted: 24 June 2026
Published: 02 August 2026
© 2026 The Author(s). Tsinghua University Press.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.