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Review | Open Access

Annual Review of Systemic Medical Treatment for Colorectal Cancer in 2025

Zengzhi Cai1,2 , Fan Chen1,2, Ying Jin1,2, Feng Wang1,2( )
Department of Medical Oncology, Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat‐sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
Research Unit of Precision Diagnosis and Treatment for Gastrointestinal Cancer, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Abstract

This review summarizes landmark advances in colorectal cancer treatment in 2025, characterizing the transition to dynamic precision oncology. Immunotherapy has revolutionized mismatch repair‐deficient or microsatellite instability‐high patients, becoming the standard first‐line and perioperative regimen. Precision medicine expanded to patients with BRAF V600E, KRAS mutation, and HER2 amplification. While circulating tumor DNA utility was confirmed for surveillance and guiding rechallenge, its role in real‐time treatment adjustment continues to be explored.

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Keywords

BRAF V600E mutationcirculating tumor DNAcolorectal cancerHER2 amplificationimmunotherapyKRAS G12C mutationmicrosatellite instabilityminimal residual diseaseprecision medicinetargeted therapy

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Cancer Innovation
Volume 5 Issue 2,
April 2026
Article number: e70057
DOI: 10.1002/cai2.70057

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Cite this article:
Cai Z, Chen F, Jin Y, et al. Annual Review of Systemic Medical Treatment for Colorectal Cancer in 2025. Cancer Innovation, 2026, 5(2): e70057. https://doi.org/10.1002/cai2.70057

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Received: 23 January 2026
Revised: 01 March 2026
Accepted: 11 March 2026
Published: 10 April 2026
© 2026 The Author(s). Tsinghua University Press.

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.