The aim of the Journal of Otology is to provide a forum for papers concerned with clinical and basic science issues regarding the audi. tory and vestibular systems. The journal welcomes reports on clinical studies, case studies, experimental studies, as well as theoretical pa. pers. The journal is willing to accept original papers in the form of full-length papers, short communications, letters to the editor, and re. views.

Papers submitted should deal with clinical conditions affecting hearing and/or balance, auditory neurophysiology, ultrastructure, psy. choacoustics and behavioral studies of hearing and balance in animals, and models of auditory/vestibular functions. Papers on comparative aspects of hearing/balance in animals and man, and on effects of drugs and environmental factors on auditory and vestibular functions will also be considered.

2. Submission checklist

• Make sure the manuscript is suitable for this journal via reading the Aims & Scope;
• Make sure that issues about Publishing Ethics have been considered;
• Make sure that all authors have approved of the submission.

For questions about the editorial process (including the status of manuscripts under review) or for technical support on submissions, please contact Editorial Office.

Language

Please write the text in good English. Possible grammatical or spelling errors should be carefully avoided, making the submissions conform to accepted standards of written technical English. The Journal’s editors are not responsible for correcting errors in grammar or spelling. Manuscripts that require extensive English revision may be rejected without review.

Article types

Contributions falling into the following categories will be considered for publication: original research papers, reviews, letters to the editor.

Please ensure that you select the appropriate article type from the list of options when making your submission. Authors contributing to special issues should ensure that they select the special issue article type from this list.

Text formatting

Article structure

This section describes the article structure for this journal.

Sections

Divide your article into clearly defined and numbered sections. Subsections should be numbered 1.1 (then 1.1.1, 1.1.2, ...), 1.2, etc. (the abstract is not included in section numbering). Use this numbering also for internal cross-referencing: do not just refer to 'the text'. Any subsection may be given a brief heading. Each heading should appear on its own separate line.

Introduction

State the objectives of the work and provide an adequate background, avoiding a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results.

Material and methods

Provide sufficient details to allow the work to be reproduced by an independent researcher. Methods that are already published should be summarized, and indicated by a reference. If quoting directly from a previously published method, use quotation marks and also cite the source. Any modifications to existing methods should also be described.

Theory/calculation

A Theory section should extend, not repeat, the background to the article already dealt with in the Introduction and lay the foundation for further work. In contrast, a Calculation section represents a practical development from a theoretical basis.

Results

Results should be clear and concise.

Discussion

This should explore the significance of the results of the work, not repeat them. A combined Results and Discussion section is often appropriate. Avoid extensive citations and discussion of published literature.

Conclusions

The main conclusions of the study may be presented in a short Conclusions section, which may stand alone or form a subsection of a Discussion or Results and Discussion section.

Appendices

If there is more than one appendix, they should be identified as A, B, etc. Formulae and equations in appendices should be given separate numbering: Eq. (A.1), Eq. (A.2), etc.; in a subsequent appendix, Eq. (B.1) and so on. Similarly for tables and figures: Table A.1; Fig. A.1, etc.

Essential title page information

• Title. Concise and informative. Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible.

• Author names and affiliations. Please clearly indicate the given name(s) and family name(s) of each author and check that all names are accurately spelled. You can add your name between parentheses in your own script behind the English transliteration. Present the authors' affiliation addresses (where the actual work was done) below the names. Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the author's name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name and, if available, the e-mail address of each author.

• Corresponding author. Clearly indicate who will handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication. This responsibility includes answering any future queries about Methodology and Materials. Ensure that the e-mail address is given and that contact details are kept up to date by the corresponding author.

• Present/permanent address. If an author has moved since the work described in the article was done, or was visiting at the time, a 'Present address' (or 'Permanent address') may be indicated as a footnote to that author's name. The address at which the author actually did the work must be retained as the main, affiliation address. Superscript Arabic numerals are used for such footnotes.

Abstract

A concise and factual abstract is required. The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, the principal results and major conclusions. An abstract is often presented separately from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. For this reason, References should be avoided, but if essential, then cite the author(s) and year(s). Also, non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided, but if essential they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself.

Keywords

Immediately after the abstract, provide a maximum of 6 keywords, using American spelling and avoiding general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example, 'and', 'of'). Be sparing with abbreviations: only abbreviations firmly established in the field may be eligible. These keywords will be used for indexing purposes.

Abbreviations

Abbreviations should be defined at the point of first use and be used consistently thereafter. Abbreviations defined in the Abstract should be re-defined in the main text of the submission.

Acknowledgements

The content of Acknowledgments is a list of people who contributed to the work in the manuscript but are not named in the author list, and a list of funding sources that supported the research presented. The names of funding organizations should be written in full. Do not include acknowledgements on the title page, as a footnote to the title or otherwise. 

Formatting of funding sources

List funding sources in this standard way to facilitate compliance to funder's requirements:

Funding: This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health [grant numbers xxxx, yyyy]; the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA [grant number zzzz]; and the United States Institutes of Peace [grant number aaaa].

It is not necessary to include detailed descriptions on the program or type of grants and awards. When funding is from a block grant or other resources available to a university, college, or other research institution, submit the name of the institute or organization that provided the funding.

If no funding has been provided for the research, it is recommended to include the following sentence:

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

Units

Follow internationally accepted rules and conventions: use the international system of units (SI). If other units are mentioned, please give their equivalent in SI.

Math formulae

Please submit math equations as editable text and not as images. Present simple formulae in line with normal text where possible and use the solidus (/) instead of a horizontal line for small fractional terms, e.g., X/Y. In principle, variables are to be presented in italics. Powers of e are often more conveniently denoted by exp. Number consecutively any equations that have to be displayed separately from the text (if referred to explicitly in the text).

Footnotes

Footnotes should be used sparingly. Number them consecutively throughout the article. Many word processors can build footnotes into the text, and this feature may be used. Otherwise, please indicate the position of footnotes in the text and list the footnotes themselves separately at the end of the article. Do not include footnotes in the Reference list.

Figure captions

Ensure that each illustration has a caption. Supply captions separately, not attached to the figure. A caption should comprise a brief title (not on the figure itself) and a description of the illustration. Keep text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain all symbols and abbreviations used.

Tables

Please submit tables as editable text and not as images. Tables can be placed either next to the relevant text in the article, or on separate page(s) at the end. Number tables consecutively in accordance with their appearance in the text and place any table notes below the table body. Be sparing in the use of tables and ensure that the data presented in them do not duplicate results described elsewhere in the article. Please avoid using vertical rules and shading in table cells.

References

References to the literature are cited by number in square brackets at appropriate locations (before a period, comma, etc.) in the text. Some examples are given below:

(1) There are several different methods, such as chemical precipitation [1], hydrothermal [2–4], sol–gel [2, 5, 6], and mechanochemical methods [7, 8].

(2) This phenomenon was originally observed by John and Williams [1] in 1980.

(3) This effect has been widely studied [1–3, 7].

Please note that a submission may be rejected directly without review if the reference list does not meet the following guidelines.

All literature citations should be compiled in a numbered reference list at the end of the manuscript text (but before the Appendices), in the order of their first citation in the text. Each numbered reference may contain only one literature citation. The list of references should only include works that are cited in the text and that have been published or accepted for publication. Papers just accepted for publication are cited by the DOI. Always use the standard abbreviation of a journal’s name according to the ISSN List of Title World Abbreviations (https://www.issn.org/services/online-services/access-to-the-ltwa/). Some examples:

(a) Journal publication

[1] Hubble, D.; Brown, D. E.; Zhao, Y. Z.; Fang, C.; Lau, J.; McCloskey, B. D.; Liu, G. Liquid electrolyte development for low-temperature lithium-ion batteries. Energy Environ. Sci. 2022, 15, 550–578.

(b) Journal publication with an article number

[2] Chen, W. Z.; Yi, X. F.; Zhang, J.; Zhang, L. Heterometallic Mo–Ti oxo clusters with metal–metal bonds: Preparation and visible-light absorption behaviors. Polyoxometalates 2023, 2, 9140013.

(c) Book (authored)

[3] Lawn, B. R. Fracture of Brittle Solids. Cambridge (UK): Cambridge University Press, 1993.

(d) Book chapter

[4] Craighead, H. G. Nanostructures in electronics. In: Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties and Applications. Edelstein, A, Cammatata, R, Eds. New York: Taylor and Francis, 1998: 565–566.

(e) Paper in proceedings

[5] Mahdavi, A.; Spasojevic, B. Incorporating simulation into building systems control logic. In Proceedings of the 10th International Building Performance Simulation Association Conference and Exhibition (BS2007), Beijing, China, 2007, pp 1175–1181.

(f) Thesis or Dissertation

[6] Chandrakanth, J. S. Effects of ozone on the colloidal stability of particles coated with natural organic matter. Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA, 1994.

(g) Patent

[7] Sheem, S. K. Low-cost fiber optic pressure sensor. U.S. Patent 6,738,537, May 18, 2004.

(h) Article by DOI

[8] Slifka, M. K.; Whitton, J. L. Clinical implications of dysregulated cytokine production. J. Mol. Med., in press, DOI: 10.1007/s001090000086.

(I) Online reference

[9] Tour, J. M. Molecular Electronics: Commercial Insights, Chemistry, Devices, Architecture and Programming [Online]. World Scientific: River Edge, NJ, 2003; pp 177–180. http://legacy.netlibrary.com/ ebook_info.asp?product_id=91422&piclist=19799,20141,20153 (accessed Nov 7, 2004).

Do not use footnotes or endnotes as a substitute for a reference list.

Author biography. At least the first author’s and the corresponding author’s are required, including the colorful photo, one-paragraph introduction such as study and work experience, research interests, awards received, etc.

Graphical abstract. The authors are required to supply one picture (at least 600 dpi, 5 cm × 8 cm, the ratio of height to length should be less than 1 and larger than 5/8) as graphical abstract with 1–2-sentence summary of the paper.

Electronic Supplementary Material

If Electronic Supplementary Material (ESM) is submitted, it will be published as received from the authors without any conversion, editing, or reformatting. ESM are peer-reviewed materials directly relevant to the conclusions of a paper. Please note that the aims of ESM are only to provide additional, rather than necessary, supports for the conclusions of the paper. The authors are suggested to incorporate all the necessary information in the main text of the manuscript in order that the readers can understand the manuscript content easily and completely without the aid of the ESM. If supplying any ESM, the text must make specific mention of the material as a citation, similar to that of figures and tables (e.g., Fig. S1 in the ESM). Besides, a paragraph should be added before the “References” section (e.g., Electronic Supplementary Material: Supplementary material (add a brief description) is available in the online version of this article).

Information that cannot be printed, such as animations, video clips, sound recordings, etc., should be supplied always as electronic files with MP4 format.

Information that can be printed, such as text, figures, tables, etc., should be integrated into one electronic file with PDF format.