Whereas the Author has completed the article (hereinafter “the Article”) and intends to submit it for publication in the journal published by the Publisher, both parties, through friendly negotiation, have reached the following agreement regarding the copyright transfer and open access licensing of the Article.

Article 1 – Statement of Rights and Open Access Model

1.1 The Article is an original work by the Author, with independent intellectual property rights. It has not been previously published domestically or internationally, and does not involve plagiarism, fabrication, duplicate submission, or any other copyright-related disputes or confidentiality issues.

1.2 The Article will be published under the [Gold Open Access] model. Once published, the Article will be permanently available for free reading and downloading on the journal's website.

Article 2 – Copyright Transfer

2.1 The Author voluntarily transfers to the Publisher, on a worldwide and perpetual basis, all proprietary rights in the Article, including but not limited to: the right of compilation (whole or in part), the right of distribution, the right of reproduction, the right of translation, and the right of communication to the public through information networks.

2.2 The Publisher has the right to license the inclusion of the Article in domestic and international literature retrieval systems and databases; to publish and use the Article in any medium, format, or language; and to use the Article in any manner not prohibited by current or future laws of the People's Republic of China.

2.3 After the transfer of the above rights, the Author retains the following moral rights:

The right of authorship;

The right to protect the integrity of the work;

The right to quote parts of the Article in subsequent academic works;

The right to archive and share the Article on non-commercial academic platforms (e.g., personal homepage, institutional repository).

Article 3 – Open Access License (Creative Commons License)

3.1 The journal adopts a Creative Commons License. The Publisher, as the copyright owner, grants the public permission to use the Article under the following Creative Commons license:

CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 (Attribution Non-Commercial-No-Derivatives): Allows any user to copy and distribute the Article, but not to remix, transform, or build upon the Article, nor for commercial purposes, with proper attribution.

3.2 The above license is worldwide, royalty-free, and irrevocable for the duration of the copyright protection of the Article.

3.3 When using the Article, third-party users must comply with the specific terms of the chosen CC license. Users must:

Give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made;

Not suggest that the Publisher or the Author endorses their use;

Not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.

Article 4 – Special Rights Retained by the Author

4.1 Notwithstanding the copyright transfer in Article 2, the Publisher specifically grants the Author the right to exercise the following non-commercial rights:

(1) Institutional archiving: The final published version of the Article may be deposited in the Author’s institutional repository or a national-level research output repository.

(2) Scholarly sharing: The Article may be shared on personal homepages or academic social platforms (e.g., ResearchGate, academia.edu), provided that the original publication in this journal is clearly acknowledged and a link to the journal website is provided.

(3) Classroom use: Copies may be made for classroom teaching purposes without additional permission, provided the original source is cited.

4.2 The above special rights are personal to the Author and cannot be sublicensed to any third party.

Article 5 – Author’s Warranties

5.1 The Author warrants that the Article is original, has not been submitted simultaneously elsewhere, and contains no plagiarism, fabrication, data falsification, or other academic misconduct.

5.2 The Author warrants that the Article does not involve state secrets or other confidential matters.

5.3 The Author warrants that the authorship and order of authors are accurate and that all authors have consented to the submission; there is no authorship dispute.

5.4 If the Article infringes the copyright of others or results in other infringement, the Author bears all liability. The Publisher reserves the right to retract the published Article and pursue relevant liabilities against the Author.

Article 6 – Fees and Remuneration

6.1 This journal uses a Diamond Open Access model and does not charge any APC.

6.2 Royalties from inclusion in abstracting and indexing services (including sub-licensing fees) are considered included in the above remuneration and will not be paid separately.

Article 7 – Effectiveness and Termination

7.1 This agreement becomes effective upon signature by all authors (or by the corresponding author on behalf of all authors).

7.2 If the Article is rejected by the Publisher or is otherwise not published, this agreement terminates automatically. Upon termination, the Publisher shall promptly return the relevant rights to the Author.

7.3 If, after publication, the Article is found to contain serious academic misconduct, the Publisher has the right to issue a retraction. The rights already transferred under this agreement shall remain with the Publisher, but the Publisher may hold the Author liable retroactively.

Article 8 – Dispute Resolution

8.1 This agreement shall be governed by the laws of the People's Republic of China. Any dispute arising from or in connection with this agreement shall first be resolved through friendly negotiation; if negotiation fails, either party may submit the dispute to the competent court in the place where the Publisher is domiciled.

Article 9 – Miscellaneous

9.1 This agreement is executed in duplicate, with each party holding one copy, both of equal legal effect. The Author may submit a signed original or scanned copy by mail or email; scanned copies have the same legal effect as originals.

9.2 Matters not covered herein shall be handled in accordance with the Copyright Law of the People’s Republic of China and the relevant policies of the Publisher.