Natural Science of Hainan University is an open access journal. All articles will be permanently available for free reading and downloading on our journal’s website immediately upon publication. Open access will be applied retroactively to articles published since 2020, making them freely accessible and downloadable on the journal’s website under the CC BY 4.0 license, which defines user rights. Articles published prior to 2020 will gradually be made open access.

All open access articles in this journal use the Creative Commons license, permitting third-party users to copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format under the Attribution (BY) license (CC BY 4.0). Once these rights are granted under the license terms, the licensor cannot revoke them. The conditions to be met are as follows: users must provide appropriate attribution, include a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made to the original work. Attribution may be given in any reasonable manner but must not imply that the licensor endorses the user or their use. Authors retain the right to share and use their articles in accordance with the CC BY 4.0 license. For details on the Creative Commons license, please visit:https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

The print version of each issue is mail to the National Library of China, the China National Archives of Publications and Culture, the Archives of Hainan University, and CNKI for preservation. Both the print and electronic versions of each issue are archived at the Editorial Office of Hainan University Journal.

To ensure data security, electronic copies of all papers are also backed up in the editorial office. All other relevant materials, such as additional information and forms provided by authors during submission, are archived in the editorial office. In addition to the journal's own website storage, the full-text data of the journal is first published and distributed online on CNKI (China National Knowledge Infrastructure), where full-text downloads are available via subscription. Full-text data sharing is also conducted on platforms such as Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform, VIP Journals, Chaoxing Journals, Changjiang Wenku, Xinhua Net-Academic China, and PubScholar.

© The Author(s).

Papers published in the Natural Science of Hainan University adopt an open-access model and comply with the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). This license permits the use, sharing, adaptation, distribution, and reproduction of the work in any medium or format, provided the following conditions are met: attribution to the original author(s) and source, provision of a link to the Creative Commons license, and indication of whether modifications were made to the original work. The copyright of the paper remains with the original author(s).

Unless otherwise stated in the credit line of the material, images or other third-party materials in the paper are included under the Creative Commons license of the article. If the material is not covered by the Creative Commons license of the paper and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted scope, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder(s).

Upon acceptance of the manuscript, authors are required to sign the "Copyright License Agreement" with the editorial office, granting the Natural Science of Hainan University the license to use the copyright, while the copyright ownership remains with the author(s). The copyright licensing fee will be paid as a one-time remuneration in the form of the journal's standard honorarium.

To view a copy of this license, please visit: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.