All articles published in the Journal are copyrighted to the authors (©The Authors). The Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) license is applied to all articles published in the Journal by default, which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. If authors are requested to publish their works under the other licenses by their institution or the funder, they should consult the Editorial Office before submission.
Tsinghua University Press, the publisher, is a signatory to STM Permissions Guidelines. The guidelines allow the reuse of restricted numbers of contents among the signatory publishers without charging. The details can be found in the guidelines.
The Journal endorses the Global Principles on Artificial Intelligence (AI), particularly:
- AI system developers, operators, and deployers should not be crawling, ingesting, or using the Journal’s content without express authorization.
- Use of the Journal’s content by AI systems for training, surfacing, or synthesizing is prohibited, even for OA content.