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Original Article | Publishing Language: Chinese

A real-time quantitative PCR method for detection of viruses in water of the Yellow River basin

Xuanxuan YANG1,2, Dong YANG2, Xinru PANG2, Danyang SHI2, Tianjiao CHEN2, Min JIN2, Zhiyong HU1, Junwen LI2( )
School of Public Health, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong 264003, China
Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Academy of Military Sciences, Tianjin 300050, China
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Abstract

Objective

To establish a real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR) method for detection of common viruses in a water environment, and to assess the severity of contamination by norovirus, enterovirus, hepatitis A virus, and human adenovirus F in the Yellow River basin.

Methods

A qPCR method for detection of common viruses was established. Viruses were enriched via adsorption-elution, concentrated via ultrafiltration, and quantified by qPCR.

Results

Twenty-two samples were collected during the high-flow season (September-October 2024) and the low-flow season (March 2025). Neither norovirus nor enterovirus was detected in the samples. Hepatitis A virus was detected in 27.27% of the samples, and human adenovirus F in 18.18%. The concentrations of the detected viruses ranged from 1.3 to 2.1 lgGC/L.

Conclusion

Norovirus and enterovirus are not detected while contamination by hepatitis A virus and human adenovirus F is observed in some samples. These results may provide a reference for biosafety assessment and management of water resources in the Yellow River basin.

Keywords

the Yellow River basinwater environmentvirusesreal-time quantitative PCR
CLC number: R123 Document code: A Article ID: 1674-9960(2026)06-0434-07

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Military Medical Sciences
Volume 50 Issue 6,
June 2026
Pages 434-440
DOI: 10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2025-00255

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Cite this article:
YANG X, YANG D, PANG X, et al. A real-time quantitative PCR method for detection of viruses in water of the Yellow River basin. Military Medical Sciences, 2026, 50(6): 434-440. https://doi.org/10.7644/j.issn.1674-9960.2025-00255

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Received: 05 November 2025
Published: 25 June 2026
© 2026 Military Medical Sciences