Analysis of aeroelastic stability and loads of wind turbines based on CFD-CSD coupled simulation

To address the strong nonlinear aeroelastic bottleneck in the lightweight development of ultra-large wind turbines, as well as the insufficient simulation accuracy of the traditional blade element momentum (BEM) theory under large-angle separated flow conditions and the incomplete coverage of working conditions in existing fluid-structure interaction studies, this paper developed a high-precision and high-stability bidirectional CFD-CSD coupled simulation method. A coupling framework was established using a general-purpose CFD solver and the self-developed multi-body dynamics software GTSim. By integrating the improved delayed detached eddy simulation （IDDES） turbulence model, Timoshenko beam theory, and a progressive adaptive multi-level B-Spline dynamic mesh technique, the proposed method enabled refined aeroelastic response simulations of wind turbine blades across full operating conditions, including blade stacking, parked idling, and grid-connected power generation. The method was validated through multi-dimensional experiments and comparisons. Results show that the relative deviation of the aerodynamic force coefficients calculated by the proposed method from experimental measurements is less than 5%, and the calculated structural deflection deviates by less than 4.9% from that obtained using the industry-standard software Bladed. Under normal power generation conditions, the relative deviation of load predictions from measured data is within 10%. Moreover, the method accurately captures aeroelastic instability and coupled vibration characteristics under extreme conditions that cannot be predicted by traditional methods. This approach overcomes the inherent limitations of conventional methods and provides reliable technical support for the aeroelastic design and safety assessment of large wind turbines.