Research progress on key technologies for human factors design of unmanned aircraft systems

With the significant reduction in mechanical failures and the rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology, Human Factors (HF) issues in Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) are becoming increasingly serious. To enhance the overall performance of specialized UAS in the low-altitude economy, it is essential to address the key HF design technologies. This paper, based on literature research and industrial practical experience, identifies three key scientific problems: the formulation of systematic UAS HF standards, efficient and trustworthy human-AI collaboration, and life-cycle HF design. First, the unique HF challenges of UAS are outlined. Next, current status of four categories of HF issues is discussed: automation design, display-control design, staffing and collaboration, and selection and training. Finally, three key HF design technologies and their progress, HF standard architecture design for UAS, efficient human-AI teaming design, and human-system integration design, are highlighted.