Experiment on high-temperature jet impact induced by thermal runaway in aviation lithium-ion batteries

In enclosed spaces such as battery packs or battery compartments, the jet impact generated by thermal runaway of aviation lithium batteries can cause significant damage to structures. This paper uses high-temperature impact, impact force, and impulse as evaluation parameters. An independently constructed jet impact experimental platform is employed to quantitatively study the damage degree of battery pack or battery compartment structure in actual use scenarios through measured data. Moreover, we also analyze the impact of battery state of charge, impact distance between battery and structure, and compartment thickness on the impact hazard of battery thermal runaway jet impact. The experiment showed that when the 100% State of Charge (SOC) battery had thermal runaway, the 1.0 mm and 1.2 mm thickness experimental plates were perforated to varying degrees after being impacted, with the maximum perforation area reaching 136.488 mm². The 1.5 mm thickness experimental cabin did not perforate and achieved effective containment. As the impact distance increases from 1 cm to 3 cm, the peak temperature of the experimental plate back plate decreases significantly, with an average decrease rate of 47.5 ℃/cm per unit distance; the maximum impact force increases accordingly, with an average unit distance growth rate of 142.95 N/cm. In summary, to control the thickness of the plate to meet the lightweight design, it is necessary to comprehensively analyze the thermal runaway spray temperature and impact hazard, and reasonably select the gap distance between the battery and the shell or the upper wall panel of the cabin to achieve the containment of the thermal runaway high-temperature spray impact by the battery pack or cabin.