Research Progress in Bile Acid Receptor-Mediated Improvement of Intestinal Health by Natural Products

Bile acids play an important role in intestinal health, and an imbalance in bile acid homeostasis is closely related to intestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, irritable bowel syndrome, bile acid diarrhea, and colorectal cancer. Bile acids are synthesized by the liver and can be divided into primary and secondary bile acids. Through the enterohepatic circulation, bile acids regulate bile acid metabolism, gut microbiota balance, and immune responses by activating bile acid receptors such as the farnesoid X receptor, pregnane X receptor, and vitamin D receptor, thereby affecting intestinal health. This article explores how natural products, such as ginsenoside Rc and resveratrol, regulate intestinal function through bile acid receptor signaling pathways, reviews the molecular mechanisms mediated by bile acid receptors and their roles in intestinal diseases, and discusses recent progress in natural product interventions, providing a theoretical basis for the development of new therapeutic strategies for intestinal diseases.