Comparison of Differences in Aroma Components among Vitis vinifera L. cv. ‘Tannat’ Grapes Grafted onto Different Rootstocks

In the present research, the effects of grafting onto six rootstocks including ‘1103P’, ‘140R’, ‘101-14’, ‘3309C’, ‘SO4’ and ‘Beta’ on the accumulation of aromatic compounds in ‘Tannat’ (Vitis vinifera L.) grapes from the 2016 and 2017 vintages were studied by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The results showed that the effect of different rootstocks on grape aroma was more significant for the 2016 vintage. ‘1103P’ could significantly increase the content of C₆/C₉ compounds in ‘Tannat’ grapes and free hexanol, (Z)-3-hexenol, (E)-2-hexenal and 1-hexanal were the characteristic C₆/C₉ compounds; ‘140R’ was beneficial to the synthesis of esters in ‘Tannat’ grapes, while ‘3309C’ showed a tendency to reduce the contents of C₆/C₉ compounds, esters and volatile phenols in ‘Tannat’ grapes. Both ‘Beta’ and ‘SO4’ increased the content of terpenes in ‘Tannat’ grapes from both vintages, and ‘SO4’ also could significantly increase the content of C₁₃-norisoprenoids in ‘Tannat’ grapes, with the characteristic ones being free (E)-β-damasone and (Z)-β-damasone. The research results provide a reference for the selection and application of the grafting rootstocks for ‘Tannat’ grapes in practical production.