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Nano Biomedicine and Engineering 2020, 12(1): 47-56 https://doi.org/10.5101/nbe.v12i1.p47-56
Research Article | Open Access | Issue | Published: 17 February 2020

Antimicrobial Activity of Chemical, Thermal and Green Route-Derived Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: A Comparative Analysis

Show Author's Information Mideksa Kasahun1,  Alemayhu Yadate1,  Abebe Belay1( ),  Zerihun Belay2,  Murugan Ramalingam3
Adama Science and Technology University, Department of Applied Physics, P.O. Box, 1888, Adama, Ethiopia
Adama Science and Technology University, Department of Applied Biology, P.O. Box, 1888, Adama, Ethio-pia
Organ Engineering Lab, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology (Deemed to be University), Vellore 632014, India
Keywords:
Sol-gel, Precipitation, Green synthesis, Thermal decomposition, Zinc oxide nanoparticles, Antimicrobials
Cite this article:
Kasahun M, Yadate A, Belay A, et al. Antimicrobial Activity of Chemical, Thermal and Green Route-Derived Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: A Comparative Analysis. Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, 2020, 12(1): 47-56. https://doi.org/10.5101/nbe.v12i1.p47-56
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Abstract Full text About this article

In this study, antimicrobial activity of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized by different chemical, thermal and green routes were systematically investigated with an aim to determine which method yields the most efficient antimicrobial property. The methodologies employed in this study were sol-gel, thermal decomposition, precipitation and green synthesis routes. The physical and optical properties of synthesized ZnO NPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results of the XRD and SEM analysis indicated the size and shape of the particles, depending on synthesis methodology and calcination temperature. The optical properties of the ZnO NPs investigated using UV-Vis absorption and photoluminescence spectra were also depending on the synthesized route. The antimicrobial activity of the ZnO NPs was tested against gram-negative bacteria (E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S. typhi), gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus and B. subtilis) and fungus (C. albicans) using agar-well diffusion method. Effects of size, shape of the crystal and concentration on the antimicrobial activity were investigated. The experimental results showed that the antimicrobial activity of ZnO NPs increased with decreasing size of the crystal. It was also found that the gram-positive bacteria were more sensitive to ZnO NPs than gram-negative bacteria and fungus. Interestingly, ZnO NPs synthesized using the green route showed more effective antimicrobial activity than those using the chemical or the thermal route.


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About this article

Antimicrobial Activity of Chemical, Thermal and Green Route-Derived Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles: A Comparative Analysis

Show Author's information Mideksa Kasahun1, Alemayhu Yadate1, Abebe Belay1( ), Zerihun Belay2, Murugan Ramalingam3
Adama Science and Technology University, Department of Applied Physics, P.O. Box, 1888, Adama, Ethiopia
Adama Science and Technology University, Department of Applied Biology, P.O. Box, 1888, Adama, Ethio-pia
Organ Engineering Lab, Centre for Biomaterials, Cellular and Molecular Theranostics, School of Mechanical Engineering, Vellore Institute of Technology (Deemed to be University), Vellore 632014, India

Abstract

In this study, antimicrobial activity of zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) synthesized by different chemical, thermal and green routes were systematically investigated with an aim to determine which method yields the most efficient antimicrobial property. The methodologies employed in this study were sol-gel, thermal decomposition, precipitation and green synthesis routes. The physical and optical properties of synthesized ZnO NPs were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and fluorescence spectroscopy. The results of the XRD and SEM analysis indicated the size and shape of the particles, depending on synthesis methodology and calcination temperature. The optical properties of the ZnO NPs investigated using UV-Vis absorption and photoluminescence spectra were also depending on the synthesized route. The antimicrobial activity of the ZnO NPs was tested against gram-negative bacteria (E. coli, P. aeruginosa and S. typhi), gram-positive bacteria (S. aureus and B. subtilis) and fungus (C. albicans) using agar-well diffusion method. Effects of size, shape of the crystal and concentration on the antimicrobial activity were investigated. The experimental results showed that the antimicrobial activity of ZnO NPs increased with decreasing size of the crystal. It was also found that the gram-positive bacteria were more sensitive to ZnO NPs than gram-negative bacteria and fungus. Interestingly, ZnO NPs synthesized using the green route showed more effective antimicrobial activity than those using the chemical or the thermal route.

Keywords: Sol-gel, Precipitation, Green synthesis, Thermal decomposition, Zinc oxide nanoparticles, Antimicrobials

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Publication history
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Acknowledgements
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Publication history

Received: 04 December 2019
Accepted: 07 February 2020
Published: 17 February 2020
Issue date: March 2020

Copyright

© Mideksa Kasahun, Alemayhu Yadate, Abebe Belay, Zerihun Belay, and Murugan Ramalingam,

Acknowledgements

The authors would like to acknowledge Adama Science and Technology University and Ministry of Innovation and Technology of Ethiopia for financial support, Pusan National University, Department of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, South Korea for allowing us to use DLS, fluorescence spectroscopy and SEM for characterizations of the samples.

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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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