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Nano Biomedicine and Engineering 2019, 11(3): 264-271 https://doi.org/10.5101/nbe.v11i3.p264-271
Research Article | Open Access | Issue | Published: 22 August 2019

Comparative Evaluation of Antibacterial Efficacy of Biological Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles Using Fresh Leaf Extract and Fresh Stem-Bark of Carica papaya

Show Author's Information Droepenu Eric Kwabena1,3( ),  Boon Siong Wee1( ),  Chin Suk Fun1,  Kuan Ying Kok2,  Zaini Bin Assim1,  Asare Ebenezer Aquisman1,3
Resource Chemistry Program, Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Bangi, Kajang, 43000 Selangor, Malaysia
Graduate School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences, University of Ghana, AE1, Atomic–Accra, Ghana
Keywords:
ZnO, Antibacterial, SEM, FTIR, Carica papaya
Cite this article:
Kwabena DE, Wee BS, Fun CS, et al. Comparative Evaluation of Antibacterial Efficacy of Biological Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles Using Fresh Leaf Extract and Fresh Stem-Bark of Carica papaya. Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, 2019, 11(3): 264-271. https://doi.org/10.5101/nbe.v11i3.p264-271
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Abstract Full text About this article

The study compared the antibacterial activity of synthesized ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) from fresh leaf and fresh stem bark aqueous extracts of Carica papaya against five selected microbes: Staphylococcus aureus, (Gram positive (+ve)), Escherichia coli (Gram negative (–ve)), Acinetobacter baumanni (Gram–ve), Exiguobacterium aquaticum (Gram+ve), and Klebsielia pneumonia (Gram +ve). The morphological features of the biosynthesized ZnO NPs were analyzed using transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM); the Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) technique was used to observe the surface functional groups. The experimental results indicated that ZnO NPs were successfully synthesized using modified hydrothermal technique, which showed agglomerated flake-like or petal-like shapes with the organic extract surrounding the formed particles. The average particle size of the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles determined by SEM ranged between 54-97 nm with the width and length of the petal-like structures been 30 nm and 62 nm respectively. The average ZnO NPs from fresh stem bark extract of Carica papaya with higher concentrations (100-1000 ppm) demonstrated a higher antibacterial activity than the fresh leaf extracts. On the other hand, ZnO NPs from fresh leaf extracts of lower concentrations (25-50 ppm) rather showed a suitable result than the fresh stem bark. In general, ZnO NPs showed a positive antibacterial result towards the selected microbes. This shows that, the synthesized ZnO NP can be a substitute to chemical methods.


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About this article

Comparative Evaluation of Antibacterial Efficacy of Biological Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles Using Fresh Leaf Extract and Fresh Stem-Bark of Carica papaya

Show Author's information Droepenu Eric Kwabena1,3( ), Boon Siong Wee1( ), Chin Suk Fun1, Kuan Ying Kok2, Zaini Bin Assim1, Asare Ebenezer Aquisman1,3
Resource Chemistry Program, Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Bangi, Kajang, 43000 Selangor, Malaysia
Graduate School of Nuclear and Allied Sciences, University of Ghana, AE1, Atomic–Accra, Ghana

Abstract

The study compared the antibacterial activity of synthesized ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) from fresh leaf and fresh stem bark aqueous extracts of Carica papaya against five selected microbes: Staphylococcus aureus, (Gram positive (+ve)), Escherichia coli (Gram negative (–ve)), Acinetobacter baumanni (Gram–ve), Exiguobacterium aquaticum (Gram+ve), and Klebsielia pneumonia (Gram +ve). The morphological features of the biosynthesized ZnO NPs were analyzed using transmission electron microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscope (SEM); the Fourier-transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) technique was used to observe the surface functional groups. The experimental results indicated that ZnO NPs were successfully synthesized using modified hydrothermal technique, which showed agglomerated flake-like or petal-like shapes with the organic extract surrounding the formed particles. The average particle size of the synthesized ZnO nanoparticles determined by SEM ranged between 54-97 nm with the width and length of the petal-like structures been 30 nm and 62 nm respectively. The average ZnO NPs from fresh stem bark extract of Carica papaya with higher concentrations (100-1000 ppm) demonstrated a higher antibacterial activity than the fresh leaf extracts. On the other hand, ZnO NPs from fresh leaf extracts of lower concentrations (25-50 ppm) rather showed a suitable result than the fresh stem bark. In general, ZnO NPs showed a positive antibacterial result towards the selected microbes. This shows that, the synthesized ZnO NP can be a substitute to chemical methods.

Keywords: ZnO, Antibacterial, SEM, FTIR, Carica papaya

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Publication history

Received: 15 July 2019
Accepted: 22 August 2019
Published: 22 August 2019
Issue date: September 2019

Copyright

© Droepenu Eric Kwabena, Boon Siong Wee, Chin Suk Fun, Kuan Ying Kok, Zaini Bin Assim, and Asare Ebenezer Aquisman.

Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the contribution of colleagues from Faculty of Resource Science and Technology (FRST) Geochemistry Laboratory and Analytical Laboratory, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak. This research was supported by Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Tun Openg Chair, with Research Grant Code: F07/TOC/1738/2018.

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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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