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Nano Biomedicine and Engineering 2019, 11(3): 215-225 https://doi.org/10.5101/nbe.v11i3.p215-225
Research Article | Open Access | Issue | Published: 23 July 2019

Preparation, Characterisation and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Al3+-Modified Starch Nanoemulsion

Show Author's Information Netai Mukaratirwa-Muchanyereyi1( ),  Phuzile Tshuma1,  Caliphs Zvinowanda2,  Stephen Nyoni3
Bindura University of Science Education, Department of Chemistry, P. Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe
University of Johannesburg, Department of Applied Chemistry, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa
Chinhoyi University of Technology, Department of Chemistry, P. Bag 7724, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe
Keywords:
Antimicrobial activity, Aluminium nanoemulsion, Encapsulation efficiency
Cite this article:
Mukaratirwa-Muchanyereyi N, Tshuma P, Zvinowanda C, et al. Preparation, Characterisation and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Al3+-Modified Starch Nanoemulsion. Nano Biomedicine and Engineering, 2019, 11(3): 215-225. https://doi.org/10.5101/nbe.v11i3.p215-225
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Abstract Full text About this article

An oil-in-water nanoemulsion comprising of aluminium ions encapsulated in a chemically modified starch derivative was prepared, characterised and evaluated for the antimicrobial activity. The nanoemulsion was prepared by emulsion-coacervation method under ultrasonication conditions. Based on the aluminium oxinate chelate of Al3+ ions, Al(ox)3, the encapsulation efficiency (92%) was determined by ultraviolet-visible spectrometry measured at 365 nm, and the subsequent drug loading efficiency was also calculated to be 92%. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the formation of carboxymethyl starch, and the degree of substitution was found to be 0.17 by back-titration, using phenolphthalein as an indicator. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs revealed spherical nano-droplets with a minimum particle diameter of 7 nm that had coalesced to form nano aggregates of variable diameters. There was also an indication of the formation a larger nano cluster with a length of approximately 215 nm. Freeze-thaw cycles revealed that the nanoemulsion was stable. Disc diffusion method was used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the synthesized aluminum ion nanoemulsion on selected gram-negative bacteria (E. coli and P. aeruginosa) and gram-positive bacteria (B. subtilis and S. aureus).


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About this article

Preparation, Characterisation and Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Al3+-Modified Starch Nanoemulsion

Show Author's information Netai Mukaratirwa-Muchanyereyi1( ), Phuzile Tshuma1, Caliphs Zvinowanda2, Stephen Nyoni3
Bindura University of Science Education, Department of Chemistry, P. Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe
University of Johannesburg, Department of Applied Chemistry, Doornfontein, Johannesburg, 2028, South Africa
Chinhoyi University of Technology, Department of Chemistry, P. Bag 7724, Chinhoyi, Zimbabwe

Abstract

An oil-in-water nanoemulsion comprising of aluminium ions encapsulated in a chemically modified starch derivative was prepared, characterised and evaluated for the antimicrobial activity. The nanoemulsion was prepared by emulsion-coacervation method under ultrasonication conditions. Based on the aluminium oxinate chelate of Al3+ ions, Al(ox)3, the encapsulation efficiency (92%) was determined by ultraviolet-visible spectrometry measured at 365 nm, and the subsequent drug loading efficiency was also calculated to be 92%. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the formation of carboxymethyl starch, and the degree of substitution was found to be 0.17 by back-titration, using phenolphthalein as an indicator. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs revealed spherical nano-droplets with a minimum particle diameter of 7 nm that had coalesced to form nano aggregates of variable diameters. There was also an indication of the formation a larger nano cluster with a length of approximately 215 nm. Freeze-thaw cycles revealed that the nanoemulsion was stable. Disc diffusion method was used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of the synthesized aluminum ion nanoemulsion on selected gram-negative bacteria (E. coli and P. aeruginosa) and gram-positive bacteria (B. subtilis and S. aureus).

Keywords: Antimicrobial activity, Aluminium nanoemulsion, Encapsulation efficiency

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Publication history
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Acknowledgements
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Publication history

Received: 21 November 2018
Accepted: 19 July 2019
Published: 23 July 2019
Issue date: September 2019

Copyright

© Netai Mukaratirwa-Muchanyereyi, Phuzile Tshuma, Caliphs Zvinowanda, and Stephen Nyoni.

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements

Authors would like to thank the Bindura University of Science Education Research and Postgraduate centre for financial assistance.

Rights and permissions

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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