Health effects of oil and waste pollutants on Delta Nigeria inhabitants' well being and its mitigation

Water quality, trace gas (SO₂, CO₂, and NO₂), particulate matter (PM 10 as well as PM2.5), and effluent emissions were quantified near cement and oil factories and nearby suburban areas within Delta Nigeria. Results display that ambient air particulate matter PM2.5 varies between 2.1 to 7.9 μg/m³ and VOC (0.013−8.53 μg/m³), while CO and CO₂ were 100% and 30% respectively not within regulatory limits, consequently leading to asthma, coughing, and difficulty breathing. Four out of nine sites investigated for noise effects were above WHO stipulated limits. While some parameters such as BOD and COD display critical levels for effluent scrutiny and conductivity, calcium, TDS, total hardness, DO (Dissolved oxygen) and total alkalinity were also above clean water specifications. Wastewater consists of spills and other water effects which produce pollutants such as soluble organic chemicals that deplete dissolved oxygen, anions, volatile materials, and other heavy metals. Based on age, the greatest impact (52%) was seen in ages varying from 0 to 16 while that of the age set 16 to 60 was 45%. Curbing of oil and cement particulate pollutants and requesting a buffer region between the cement and oil depots and neighborhoods, complemented with regulatory enforcement and persistent monitoring, should be a top precedence to the regulatory authority.