Research progress and regulatory status of RNA biopesticides

RNA biopesticides offer advantages such as high target specificity, short development cycles, good environmental compatibility, and no residue, demonstrating broad application prospects in the field of plant protection. The successful commercialization of products by GreenLight Biosciences in the United States has propelled the research and application of RNA biopesticides to a new stage. To enhance the understanding of RNA biopesticides, this article reviews their mechanisms of action, characteristics, and application forms. By examining domestic and international research and development history as well as commercialization progress, it outlines the current challenges and future directions for the industrialization of RNA biopesticides. Additionally, it summarizes the regulatory policies for such products in different regions. The aim is to provide a reference for the development and commercial application of RNA biopesticides and to support the advancement of China's biopesticide industry and the implementation of the rural revitalization strategy.