Research advances in extraction and utilization of lipid, protein and chitin from Hermetia illucens

The black soldier fly (BSF, Hermetia illucens), as a dipteran insect species, has garnered significant interest owing to its remarkable environmental adaptability and exceptional capacity for degrading diverse organic wastes, including kitchen waste and livestock manure, highlighting its immense potential in organic solid waste resource utilization. BSF exhibits distinct biological advantages, such as high feed conversion efficiency, a short life cycle, and robust reproductive performance, enabling it to efficiently convert ingested organic waste into high-value biomolecules, including lipids, proteins, and chitin. These products can serve as renewable animal-derived resources for agriculture, animal husbandry, and biomedical applications, demonstrating considerable promise for large-scale development and industrial exploitation. This article systematically reviews recent domestic and international research progress on the extraction and resource utilization of key nutrients from BSF, with particular emphasis on lipid extraction techniques, protein separation and feed development, as well as chitin acquisition and functional material preparation. The review aims to provide a theoretical foundation and technical insights to support the high-value development and green industrial transformation of this insect, thereby promoting its integrated application and sustainable utilization in biological resource recycling.