Analysis of population dynamics and flight characteristics of airborne insects along the China-Kazakhstan border

This study aimed to investigate the community composition, population dynamics, and flight characteristics of airborne insects in the China-Kazakhstan (hereafter referred to as Sino-Kazakh) border region.

A systematic monitoring study was conducted from June to August in 2023 and 2024 in the Tacheng border area of Xinjiang. The research integrated insect radars, high-altitude light traps and ground light traps. The dominant species were also given special attention.

The results revealed that Coleoptera (55.92%) and Lepidoptera (30.17%) were the dominant taxonomic groups in the airborne insect community, while Ephemeroptera accounted for the lowest proportion (0.03%). The dominant species were identified as Scotogramma trifolii (Hufnagel) and Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner). The flight heights of both species were primarily concentrated between 200 m and 300 m, with their main flight directions being northeast or east-northeast. Specifically, the peak period, nocturnal flight time, and flight speed for S. trifolii were July 10, 2023; 23:00-01:00 (the next day); and 0~6 m/s, respectively. In contrast, for H. armigera, these parameters were August 25, 2024; 22:00-02:00 (the next day); and 14~16 m/s, respectively.

This study further clarifies the community composition, seasonal dynamics, and aerial behavioral characteristics of dominant airborne insect groups along the Sino-Kazakh border. The findings hold significant practical value for utilizing entomological radar in the monitoring, early warning, and regional cooperative management of migratory pests in this border region.