Trapping efficacy of different lures and traps against Maruca vitrata and other arthropods

The capture efficacy of Maruca vitrata is significantly influenced by sex pheromone lures, sugar-acetic acid-ethanol-water solution (SAEW) and traps of different shapes. To develop environmentally friendly and efficient traps for M. vitrata and evaluate the feasibility of combining sex pheromone with SAEW, we compared the trapping performance of three attractant treatments across different trap designs in bean fields in capturing adult M. vitrata and other arthropods, including natural enemies: 1) sex pheromone lure (7 trap types), 2) SAEW (4 trap types), and 3) combination of sex pheromones and SAEW (4 trap types). Results demonstrated that triangular-, bucket-, and ship-shaped traps baited with sex pheromone, as well as bucket-shaped traps baited with the pheromone-SAEW combination, achieved significantly higher M. vitrata adults capture rates than other trap-attractant combinations. Regarding the trapping effects on other arthropods, traps using only sex pheromone were relatively safe for beneficial arthropods (natural enemies and bees). The triangular and ship-shaped traps also exhibited some trapping effect on pests from the Thripidae family. However, SAEW-baited double-basin, basin, and bottle traps caused considerable harm to beneficial insects like natural enemies and bees. Bucket traps baited with either SAEW alone or the pheromone-SAEW combination also captured significant numbers of lepidopteran and coleopteran pests.