Dynamic monitoring and biodiversity analysis of light-trapped insect population in Taigu District of Shanxi Province

In order to clarify the species composition and species diversity of farmland insects in Taigu District of Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province, and to provide basic data for formulating local agricultural pest control programs, this study conducted annual monitoring of the insect species and quantities using insect forecasting lamps and high-altitude trap lamps. The results showed that a total of 33 957 insects were trapped by the two light traps, belonging to 217 species, 46 families and 11 orders. Among them, there were 32 221 agricultural pests, belonging to 196 species, 29 families, and 4 orders; and 1 569 natural enemies, belonging to 12 species, 8 families, and 5 orders, with a benefit-harm ratio of 1∶20.5. Lepidoptera and Coleoptera were the two most abundant groups with 29 673 and 2 674 individuals, respectively. Calospilos suspecta, Semiothisa cinerearia, Ostrinia furnacalis, Proteuclasta stotzneri, Helicoverpa armigera, Macdunnoughia crassisigna, Scotogramma trifolii, Aestia c-nigrum, and Anomala exoleta were identified as dominant pests, while Chrysoperla sinica was the dominant natural enemy. Compared with the insect forecasting lamp, the high-altitude trap lamp showed higher trapping efficiency, enabling more precise prediction of the occurrence periods of local dominant insect species. The peak periods of occurrence of the above major pests and natural enemies were identified. The results of this study clarified the composition of the insect community and the occurrence patterns of dominant insect species under the lamps in the Taigu area, providing a theoretical basis for investigating local insect community diversity and integrated pest management.