University Faculty and Students' Acceptance of GenAI and Its Influencing Factors——Based on a Survey of Faculty and Students from 31 Universities across the Country

The rapid development of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) has injected new momentum into the reform of higher education, while its widespread application has also brought potential risks. How to guide faculty and students toward the reasonable use of GenAI has become a practical issue that needs to be responsed urgently. Relying on the extended Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 (UTAUT2), this study employed a stratified random sampling method to conduct a large-scale questionnaire survey among faculty and students from 31 universities across the country, with the aim of exploring the mechanisms influencing their usage intentions and usage behaviors of GenAI. Through descriptive statistical analysis and structural equation model analysis, this paper found that faculty and students' usage intentions and usage behaviors of GenAI differed significantly by gender, institutional type, and discipline. Among the factors that significantly influenced faculty and teachers' usage intentions, performance expectancy was the most important, while perceived enjoyment, facilitating conditions, and personal innovation were also important factors. Among the factors that significantly influenced faculty and teachers' usage behaviors, usage intentions, facilitating conditions, and technology habits all played important roles. This research provided empirical support for promoting differentiated application and precise governance of GenAI in higher education, and contributed to building a new ecosystem of human-machine symbiosis and collaborative evolution in the higher education field in the intelligent era.