Numerical Simulation and Engineering Application of Impact Resistance Performance of Barrier Nets for High Slopes

Understanding the coupled effects of impact velocity, rockfall dimensions, and impact angle on the performance of flexible barrier nets is crucial for optimizing the design of rockfall protection systems during high-slope blasting operations. Employing energy method principles, this study establishes a mechanical model for analyzing rockfall impacts on protective barrier nets along high slopes, deriving theoretical correlations between maximum impact force and key parameters, including rockfall mass, velocity, and impact angle, expressed as $F_{\mathrm{m}\mathrm{a}\mathrm{x}}=v_0\cos \alpha \sqrt{mk}$. Additionally, a numerical model simulating rockfall impacts on barrier nets was developed, with comprehensive simulations performed to analyze both isolated single-parameter effects and coupled interactions among rock mass, velocity, and impact angle, elucidating their individual and combined influences on barrier net deformation patterns. Results demonstrate that the peak impact force follows a square-root dependence on rockfall mass while maintaining direct linear proportionality to velocity. Increasing vertical impact angles induces outward displacement of impact points, consequently diminishing net deformation. The deformation magnitude is linear, whereas higher impact velocities induce material yielding and subsequent stiffness enhancement, thereby decelerating deformation progression. Parameter sensitivity analysis reveals the following significance ranking for multi-factor interactions: impact velocity (33.96%), rockfall radius (32.11%), and vertical impact angle (30.91%). Based on these findings, a dual-layer interceptor net system was designed and implemented. Field applications confirm the system's effectiveness in dissipating kinetic energy through the primary net and in successfully intercepting rockfalls by the secondary net, demonstrating superior terrain adaptability and protective capabilities.