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Research Article | Open Access

Algebraic properties of central Bell-based type 2 Bernoulli and Euler polynomials of complex variable

Waseem Ahmad Khan1Francesco Aldo Costabile2Khidir Shaib Mohamed3( )Ugur Duran4Abdulghani Muhyi5Azhar Iqbal6Wei Sin Koh7
Department of Electrical Engineering, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, P.O Box 1664, Al Khobar 31952, Saudi Arabia
Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Calabria, Rende 87036, CS, Italy
Department of Mathematics, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
Department of Basic Sciences of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Iskenderun Technical University, TR-31200 Hatay, Turkiye
Department of Mechatronics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Smart Computing, Modern Specialized University, Sana'a, Yemen
Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, P.O Box 1664, Al Khobar 31952, Saudi Arabia
Faculty of Business and Communications, INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
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Abstract

Recently, by combining type 2 Bernoulli and Euler polynomials with the central Bell polynomials, the central Bell-based type 2 Bernoulli and Euler polynomials of order α were considered, and many of their properties, formulas, and applications were investigated. The main aim of this work is to consider higher-order central Bell-based type 2 Bernoulli and Euler polynomials of complex variable, by which, both sine and cosine central Bell-based type 2 Bernoulli and Euler polynomials of order λ are introduced by treating the imaginary and real components separately. Then, diverse summation formulas, differential formulas, addition formulas, and correlation formulas with new and existing old polynomials and numbers are derived in a systematic way. Also, several intriguing connections of sine and cosine central Bell-based type 2 Bernoulli and Euler polynomials of order λ with the bivariate and one-variable central Bell polynomials, and the classical Stirling and central factorial numbers of the second kinds are investigated in detail. Moreover, the first few members of the new polynomials are provided by the lists, and the distributions of zeros of the new polynomials are illustrated by graphical representations, enhancing the understanding of the numerical data and facilitating a more intuitive grasp of the concepts discussed.

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Networks and Heterogeneous Media
Pages 693-724

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Cite this article:
Khan WA, Costabile FA, Mohamed KS, et al. Algebraic properties of central Bell-based type 2 Bernoulli and Euler polynomials of complex variable. Networks and Heterogeneous Media, 2026, 21(2): 693-724. https://doi.org/10.3934/nhm.2026030

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Received: 28 January 2026
Revised: 14 April 2026
Accepted: 15 April 2026
Published: 15 June 2026
©2026 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)