Emergence of synchronization in Kuramoto model with frustration under general network topology

In this paper, we will study the emergent behavior of Kuramoto model with frustration on a general digraph containing a spanning tree. We provide a sufficient condition for the emergence of asymptotical synchronization if the initial data are confined in half circle. As lack of uniform coercivity in general digraph, we apply the node decomposition criteria in [25] to capture a clear hierarchical structure, which successfully yields the dissipation mechanism of phase diameter and an invariant set confined in quarter circle after some finite time. Then the dissipation of frequency diameter will be clear, which eventually leads to the synchronization.