Enhancing stability and reliability of renewable-powered DC microgrids using integral backstepping control with nonlinear observers and load uncertainty consideration

This study presented an integral backstepping (IB) controller to enhance the dynamic stability of direct current (DC) microgrids by effectively managing their interconnected components. The proposed control strategy generated switching signals for power converters, enabling seamless coordination among solar photovoltaic (PV) generators, wind generators, and battery energy storage systems with the common DC bus. By ensuring the convergence of all state variables to their desired values, the controller guaranteed system stability, which was rigorously analyzed using Lyapunov theory. To further optimize performance, state observers were employed to monitor DC microgrid currents, power flows, and load disturbances, improving sensor accuracy, reducing costs, and enhancing system reliability. Comprehensive simulations validated the controller's effectiveness in maintaining power balance under varying operating conditions. Compared to conventional methods, the proposed approach significantly improved the DC bus voltage regulation and overall dynamic performance of the microgrid.