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Research Article | Open Access

Local linear regression for functional data under quasi-associated dependence with fixed and kNN bandwidths

Wahiba Bouabsa1( )Sadiah M. Aljeddani2
Laboratory of Statistics and Stochastic Processes, University of Djillali Liabes BP 89, Sidi Bel Abbes 22000, Algeria
Department of Mathematics, Al-Lith University College, Al Lith 21961, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
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Abstract

Local linear kernel estimation is a fundamental tool in nonparametric regression, renowned for its bias reduction and boundary correction properties. While its asymptotic behavior is well understood for independent data and for strongly mixing processes, it remains largely unexplored under quasi-associated dependence, even in the real-valued regression setting. In this paper, we introduce a functional local linear kernel estimator for regression models with quasi-associated observations. We establish strong consistency in the sense of almost complete convergence and derive convergence rates under mild regularity conditions involving small-ball probabilities and covariance decay. To the best of our knowledge, this paper provides the first theoretical guarantees for functional local linear kernel regression under quasi-associated dependence, covering both fixed and k-nearest neighbor ( kNN) bandwidth selection procedures.

CLC number: 62G07, 62G20, 62G35, 62H12

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AIMS Mathematics
Pages 15581-15625

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Cite this article:
Bouabsa W, Aljeddani SM. Local linear regression for functional data under quasi-associated dependence with fixed and kNN bandwidths. AIMS Mathematics, 2026, 11(6): 15581-15625. https://doi.org/10.3934/math.2026641

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Received: 23 January 2026
Revised: 07 April 2026
Accepted: 28 April 2026
Published: 15 June 2026
©2026 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)