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Research Article | Open Access

On the 3-coloring of planar graphs without cycles of length from 4 to 6

Zuosong Liang1( )Danzhang Liao1Chunsong Bai2
School of Mathematics, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning 530006, China
School of Finance and Mathematics, Huainan Normal University, Huainan 232038, China
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Abstract

In 1976, Steinberg conjectured that every planar graph without 4- and 5-cycles is 3-colorable. This conjecture was proved false by Cohen-Addad et al in 2017. Erdős raised the following question: Is there an integer k such that every planar graph without cycles of length from 4 to k is 3-colorable? Borodin et al. proved that every planar graph without cycles of length from 4 to 7 is 3-colorable [Planar graphs without cycles of length from 4 to 7 are 3-colorable, J. Combin.Theory Ser. B, 93 (2005), 303–311]. However, the question whether every planar graph without cycles of length from 4 to 6 is 3-colorable is not answered yet and full of challenges. A 7-cycle is called a special 7-cycle if it shares an edge with another 7-cycle or 9-cycle. In this paper, we prove that every planar graph without cycles of length from 4 to 6 and without special 7-cycles is 3-colorable which is an improvement of Borodin's result.

CLC number: 05C15, 05C69

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AIMS Mathematics
Pages 12895-12909

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Cite this article:
Liang Z, Liao D, Bai C. On the 3-coloring of planar graphs without cycles of length from 4 to 6. AIMS Mathematics, 2026, 11(5): 12895-12909. https://doi.org/10.3934/math.2026530

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Received: 24 November 2025
Revised: 15 April 2026
Accepted: 24 April 2026
Published: 15 May 2026
©2026 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)