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Research Article | Open Access

The edge balance properties of cubic graphs

Zhen-Bin Gao( )Juan ChenFeng-Xia ChenFeng Liang
College of General Education, Guangdong University of Science and Technology, Dongguan, 523083, China
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Abstract

For a simple, undirected graph G ( V , E ), let f be an edge labeling f: E { 0 , 1 } such that, for any vertex v and i { 0 , 1 }, in the edges incident on v, if the number of the edges labeled i is more than the number of edges labeled 1 i, then the label of v is defined by i; v is not defined otherwise. In a labeling graph of G, let i { 0 , 1 }, e f ( i ) = | { e E : f ( e ) = i } | and v f ( i ) = | { v V : the label of v is i } | . After f runs over all edge labelings satisfying | e f ( 1 ) e f ( 0 ) | 1, the set { | v f ( 1 ) v f ( 0 ) | : | e f ( 1 ) e f ( 0 ) | 1 } is called the edge-balance index set of graph G, denoted by E B I ( G ). In this paper, the set { v f ( 1 ) v f ( 0 ) : | e f ( 1 ) e f ( 0 ) | 1 } is called the full edge-balance index set of graph G, denoted by F E B I ( G ). Some results are obtained on F E B I ( G ), and the relationship between F E B I ( G ) and E B I ( G ) is discussed. By finding some closed trails, the F E B I and E B I of some classes of cubic graphs are obtained.

CLC number: 05C78, 05C25

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AIMS Mathematics
Pages 5192-5218

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Cite this article:
Gao Z-B, Chen J, Chen F-X, et al. The edge balance properties of cubic graphs. AIMS Mathematics, 2026, 11(2): 5192-5218. https://doi.org/10.3934/math.2026212

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Received: 05 August 2025
Revised: 26 January 2026
Accepted: 14 February 2026
Published: 28 February 2026
©2026 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)