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Research Article | Open Access

Applications of differential Kreb algebras in security protocol analysis

Ghulam Muhiuddin1( )Nabilah Abughazalah2Manivannan Balamurugan3
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, P.O. Box 741, Tabuk 71491, Saudi Arabia
Department of Mathematical Sciences, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
Department of Mathematics, Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R & D Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai 600062, Tamil Nadu, India
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Abstract

This paper introduces differential Kreb algebras, a novel extension of Kreb algebras incorporating higher-order derivation operators, and investigates their structural properties. By defining and analyzing differential terms of the form D γ , δ ( ϖ , ζ ), we establish results on symmetry, recurrence relations, and structural identities. Core morphisms—homomorphisms, isomorphisms, and automorphisms—are developed and their preservation properties. The framework is applied to security protocol analysis, where these terms model recursive permissions, access validation, and trust propagation. Numerical examples demonstrate both blocked and successful access decisions. This bridges algebraic theory and logic-driven system design for advances in applied algebra and security verification.

CLC number: 03E72, 08A72, 22E60, 62F07, 90C70

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AIMS Mathematics
Pages 3724-3746

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Cite this article:
Muhiuddin G, Abughazalah N, Balamurugan M. Applications of differential Kreb algebras in security protocol analysis. AIMS Mathematics, 2026, 11(2): 3724-3746. https://doi.org/10.3934/math.2026151

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Received: 01 November 2025
Revised: 20 January 2026
Accepted: 26 January 2026
Published: 06 February 2026
©2026 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)