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Research Article | Open Access

Spectrum of non-trivial zeros, distribution and magnitude of prime numbers

Ilija Tanackov1( )Ivan Pavkov2Dejan Ćebić3Željko Stević4,5( )
Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad, Trg D. Obradovića 6, Novi Sad, Serbia
Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, Zemun, Serbia
Faculty of Mining and Geology, University of Belgrade, Đušina 7, Belgrade, Serbia
Department of Industrial Management Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
Faculty of Transport and Traffic Engineering, University of East Sarajevo, Doboj 74000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Abstract

Spectrum RCS(n) = ∑cos(tjlnn), j∈[1, ∞), based on imaginary values of non-trivial zeros of the zeta function ζ(s) = ζ(½±itj) = 0, Im(s) = ±tj, results in "high peaks" (i.e., resonant values of cosine amplitudes at the prime powers n = pk, k∈ℕ in the negative part of the spectrum). The spectrum of the rth root RCS(n1/r) = ∑cos(tjlnn1/r), r∈ℕ exclusively reaches its resonance values in the values of the degree n = pr. Owing to that fact, prime numbers p1 can be separated from prime powers p1/r, r≥2. The spectrum of the dth degree RCS(nd) = ∑cos(tjlnnd), d∈ℕ exclusively reaches its resonant values exclusively in the values of the root p1/d, d≥2. The spectrum of the dth degree "compresses" the number axis. For an arbitrary real interval (a, b), all the resonances pd of all prime numbers from the interval (ad, bd) are contained in the interval (a, b). The imaginary sine spectrum-ISS and the composite spectrum of the RCS and ISS is developed.

CLC number: 11N05

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AIMS Mathematics
Pages 399-419

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Cite this article:
Tanackov I, Pavkov I, Ćebić D, et al. Spectrum of non-trivial zeros, distribution and magnitude of prime numbers. AIMS Mathematics, 2026, 11(1): 399-419. https://doi.org/10.3934/math.2026017

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Received: 24 September 2025
Revised: 16 December 2025
Accepted: 18 December 2025
Published: 06 January 2026
©2026 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)