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Research Article | Open Access

Deep Bayesian networks

Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Abstract

Deep Bayesian networks (DBNs) having deep recurrent neural network (DRNN) topography, effective forward-backward learning and innate model selection capabilities are introduced. DBNs provided randomness, Bayes' factor methods and efficient gradient-free expectation-maximization-based (EM) learning to the DRNN layout. DBN's learning, simulation and Bayes' factor capabilities provided an effective generative adversarial network (GAN) in the sequential (RNN) setting. Consequently, deep fakes with real probabilistic models could be created, based upon training data. Alternatively, DBNs could be thought of as some super generalization of hidden Markov models (HMMs), which have inputs and multiple hidden layers. The proofs establishing the above claims were based upon the novel idea to transform the whole network to a completely independent network where the analysis is trivial using a Girsanov like theorem.

CLC number: 62M05, 60J22, 68T10

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AIMS Mathematics
Pages 272-290

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Cite this article:
Kouritzin MA. Deep Bayesian networks. AIMS Mathematics, 2026, 11(1): 272-290. https://doi.org/10.3934/math.2026011

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Received: 26 September 2025
Revised: 03 December 2025
Accepted: 23 December 2025
Published: 05 January 2026
©2026 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)