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Research Article | Open Access

The Sannia ruled surfaces generated by timelike curves under the alternative frame perspective

Na Hu( ), Wenke Zhang
School of Mathematics, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110870, China
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Abstract

In three-dimensional Minkowski space, a family of Sannia ruled surfaces is generated from the principal normal ruled surfaces, C-direction ruled surfaces, and Darboux ruled surfaces of timelike curves by employing the Sannia frame. This study thoroughly examines the developability and minimality of these surfaces and establishes the corresponding conditions. Finally, illustrative examples are presented through figures, which vividly demonstrate the geometric characteristics of Sannia ruled surfaces.

Keywords

ruled surfacesSannia framedevelopable surfaceminimal surfacealternative frame
CLC number: 53A04, 53A05

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AIMS Mathematics
Volume 11 Issue 1,
January 2026
Pages 43-65
DOI: 10.3934/math.2026003

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Cite this article:
Hu N, Zhang W. The Sannia ruled surfaces generated by timelike curves under the alternative frame perspective. AIMS Mathematics, 2026, 11(1): 43-65. https://doi.org/10.3934/math.2026003

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Received: 09 July 2025
Revised: 10 December 2025
Accepted: 18 December 2025
Published: 04 January 2026
©2026 the Author(s), licensee AIMS Press.

This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)